Although mobile payment adoption has risen steeply, relatively little is known about whether and how demographic and socioeconomic factors, subjective well‐being, political affiliation, and health status are associated with mobile payment adoption. Using 2017 Chinese General Social Survey data on 11,628 individuals, we show that Chinese people's decisions to adopt mobile payment solutions are positively and significantly associated with education, perception of health and economic status, Chinese Communist Party membership, full‐time work, income, social participation, car ownership, internet penetration rate, and residential location. Age is negatively associated with mobile payment adoption, and men are less likely than women to use mobile payment solutions; subject well‐being is not associated with mobile payment adoption.