An Empirical Study on the Role of Perceptual Similarity in Visual Metaphors and Creativity

Indurkhya, Bipin; Ojha, Amitash

doi:10.1080/10926488.2013.826554

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, research distinguishes between perceptual and conceptual similarities, for example, in creativity (e.g. Indurkhya & Ojha, ) and marketing (e.g. Qin, Wen, & Dou, ).…”

Section: Implications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why a Systems Thinking Perspective on Cognition Matters for Innovation and Knowledge Creation. A Framework towards Leaving behind Our Projections from the Past for Creating New Futures

Grisold

Peschl

2017

Syst. Res

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We propose a systems perspective on the cognitive foundations of innovation and knowledge creation. We show that the (standard) way we perceive, think and act is opposed to creating (radically) new knowledge. For example, the predictive coding paradigm claims that our brain is a highly complex ‘prediction machine’ being mainly driven by its past experiences. Although this claim may initially seem counterintuitive from a systems thinking perspective, we will show in the first part of this paper that a systems thinking perspective provides a well‐suited framework to explain this phenomenon. The second part proposes a framework to overcome these limitations of our common way of thinking and perceiving in the context of creating novelty. We argue that, in order to create (radically) new knowledge, we can (i) modify the knowledge structures underlying our perception of the world and (ii) affect the way we perceive our environment. We present a framework as well as concrete strategies and tools to do so. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Similarly, research distinguishes between perceptual and conceptual similarities, for example, in creativity (e.g. Indurkhya & Ojha, ) and marketing (e.g. Qin, Wen, & Dou, ).…”

Section: Implications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why a Systems Thinking Perspective on Cognition Matters for Innovation and Knowledge Creation. A Framework towards Leaving behind Our Projections from the Past for Creating New Futures

Grisold

Peschl

2017

Syst. Res

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“…However, precisely these features of metaphors have been said to have elicited a more creative and productive argumentation style, in a number of scientific disciplines ranging from physics and biology ( Black, 1962 ; Hesse, 1963 ; Kuhn, 1979 ; Pulaczewska, 2011 ), to psychology ( Holyoak and Thagard, 1995 ; Indurkhya and Ojha, 2013 ) and problem solving ( Leung et al, 2012 ; Keefer et al, 2014 ). Metaphors are indeed based on a cross-domain mechanism of projection ( mapping ), which preserves relations from a source to a target domain, thus favoring analogical reasoning ( Gentner et al, 2001 ; Wolff and Gentner, 2011 ; Gentner and Asmuth, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creative Argumentation: When and Why People Commit the Metaphoric Fallacy

et al. 2018

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This article aims to understand when and why people accept fallacious arguments featuring metaphors (metaphoric fallacy) as sound arguments. Two experiments were designed to investigate, respectively, when and why participants fell into the metaphoric fallacy. In the first experiment, participants were provided with a series of syllogisms, presented in natural language, containing in their first premise either a lexically ambiguous, literal middle term or a metaphorical middle term, i.e. the term that “bridges” the first premise with the second premise, and ending with a true, false or plausible conclusion. For each argument they were asked to evaluate whether the conclusion followed from the premises. Results show that the metaphoric fallacy is harder to detect in case of arguments with plausible conclusion with a conventional metaphor rather than a novel metaphor as middle term. The second experiment investigated why participants considered the metaphoric fallacy with plausible conclusion as a strong argument. Results suggest that participants’ belief in the conclusion of the argument, independent from the premises, is a predictor for committing the metaphoric fallacy. We argue that a creative search for alternative reasons justifies participants’ falling into the metaphoric fallacy, especially when the framing effect of a metaphor covertly influences the overall reading of the argument. Thus, far from being a source of irrationality, metaphors might elicit a different style of reasoning in argumentation, forcing participants to find an alternative interpretation of the premises that guarantees the believed conclusion. In this process, conventional metaphors are revitalized and extended through the second premise to the conclusion, thereby entailing an overall metaphorical reading of the argument.

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“…Although visual metaphor has not been at the forefront of research on metaphor, there have been several theoretical and empirical studies exploring the nature and structure of such metaphors (Carroll 1994;Durand 1987; Forceville 1996Forceville , 2002Indurkhya and Ojha 2013;Kaplan 1990Kaplan , 1992Kennedy 1982;Moura 2006). In particular, researchers have asked how visual metaphors are different from their verbal counterparts, what cognitive processes are involved in visual metaphor processing, as well as how features are selected and transferred in a visual metaphor.…”

Section: Introducing Visual Metaphormentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Visual Metaphors: Asymmetry and Reversibility

Indurkhya

Ojha

2017

Poetics Today

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In a verbal metaphor, the target and the source domains can usually be distinguished clearly, and some features of the source domain are mapped to the target domain, and not vice versa. This asymmetry of metaphor has been acknowledged in conceptual metaphor theory, as well as in interaction theory. However, the asymmetry of visual metaphor, in which concepts are depicted in images, is debated in the existing literature. The authors argue that the main reason behind this is that images lack an explicit copula ("X is Y"); so it is not always clear what a visual metaphor is about (what its target is). The authors explore the asymmetry of visual metaphors by considering a number of examples, and also by using the results of an empirical study they conducted with forty-four participants. Their study shows that, although the source and the target of visual metaphors are reversible more often than in their verbal counterparts, the transferred features usually change drastically by the reversal. This essay argues that the visual metaphors can appear to be symmetric more often than the verbal metaphors because the lack of copula can turn the focus on the comparison between the source and the target, instead of the target itself. The examples demonstrate that context plays a major role in this process by identifying the source and the target of a visual metaphor.

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An Empirical Study on the Role of Perceptual Similarity in Visual Metaphors and Creativity

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Why a Systems Thinking Perspective on Cognition Matters for Innovation and Knowledge Creation. A Framework towards Leaving behind Our Projections from the Past for Creating New Futures

Why a Systems Thinking Perspective on Cognition Matters for Innovation and Knowledge Creation. A Framework towards Leaving behind Our Projections from the Past for Creating New Futures

Creative Argumentation: When and Why People Commit the Metaphoric Fallacy

Interpreting Visual Metaphors: Asymmetry and Reversibility

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