An empirically derived description of self-efficacy and empowerment for parents of children identified as psychologically disordered

Parenting in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder and a typically developing child: Mothers’ experiences and cognitions

“…Consistent with the evidence of a negative relation between parental stress, depressive symptoms and parental self-efficacy (Coleman & Karraker, 1997;Hassall, et al, 2005;Jackson & Huang, 2000;Scheel & Rieckmann, 1998) we also found a significantly lower sense of self-efficacy of the mothers in our study about parenting their child with ASD than about their TD child. Although mothers expressed being equally active in stimulating the development of both their children, they felt more guilty about 'not doing enough' for their TD child than for their child with ASD.…”

“…There are a number of studies revealing that parental stress and depressive symptoms are negatively associated with parenting cognitions such as parental self-efficacy (Coleman & Karraker, 1997;Hassall, Rose, & McDonald, 2005;Jackson & Huang, 2000;Scheel & Rieckmann, 1998), which refers to judgements of one's capability to perform competently and effectively as a parent (Teti & Gelfand, 1991). According to Goodnow (1985), a parent's perception of parenting competency is considerably influenced by the direct feedback from daily interactions with the child.…”

A cluster randomised controlled trial and process evaluation of the early years DELTA parenting programme

“…High parental self-efficacy is correlated with competent parenting behaviour and positive parenting practices (Jones & Prinz, 2005;Machida, Taylor & Kim, 2002) and is known to play an important role in parents' psychological functioning. It is inversely related to both maternal depression (Cutrona & Troutman, 1986;Teti & Gelfand, 1991) and parental stress (Gross, Fogg & Tucker, 2005;Scheel & Rieckmann, 1998) and there is further evidence that it is positively associated with role satisfaction (Coleman & Karraker, 2000) and influenced by the parents' personal characteristics (Sevigny & Loutzenhiser, 2009). The direction of these associations remains relatively unclear however and the specific role of parental selfefficacy as an antecedent, consequence or transactional variable has still to be established (Jones & Prinz, 2005).…”

Empowerment and Parent Gain as Mediators and Moderators of Distress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

“…This result adds to a growing body of research demonstrating that higher levels of some psychological resources, such as EMPOWERMENT AND PARENT GAIN 9 empowerment, are negatively impacted by children's behaviors, and that the loss of empowerment can be related to high levels of distress in mothers (Scheel & Rieckmann, 1998). Families with high levels of empowerment are likely to report lower levels of distress, which speaks to the importance of interventions that aim to empower families to address the demands they currently face, and in particular when those problems are addressable by action oriented and problem focused strategies (Brookman-Frazee & Koegel, 2004, Dunst, Trivette & Hamby, 2007Neely-Barnes, Graff, Marcenko, & Weber, 2008).…”

“…Empowerment is defined as "…an intentional, ongoing process…through which people lacking an equal share of valued resources gain greater access to and control over those resources" (Cornell Empowerment Group, 1989, p. 2) and is linked to beliefs of competency, self-esteem, and the ability to exert control over one's environment (Koren, DeChillo, & Friesen, 1992;Nachshen, 2005). Parent empowerment has been associated with positive outcomes in families of children with and without developmental disabilities (Nachshen & Minnes, 2005;Scheel & Rieckmann, 1998). Low levels of empowerment are associated with low service use, more frequent hospital visits, use of medication, less awareness of social support, and low selfefficacy in caregivers raising children with developmental disabilities (Wakimizu, Fujioka, Yoneyama, Iejima, & Miyamoto, 2011).…”