An encounter between a pelagic shark and giant cephalopod

Papastamatiou, Yannis P.; Verbeck, Deron; Hutchinson, Melanie; Bracken‐Grissom, Heather D.; Chapman, Demian D.

doi:10.1111/jfb.14415

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Wounds near the shark's mouth and trunk suggest a defensive response from squid to the white shark, although this could not be confirmed. The pattern and shape of the scars matches the suction cups on the arms and tentacles of cephalopods as observed in other shark species 17 . The estimation of the diameter of the most evident sucker marks in the shark WS11 ( Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…1a) allowed us to determine that the left side scar (≈ 20 cm long) had suction cups that measured 1-3 cm, while the length of the right side scar measured ≈ 60 cm long. Even though the cephalopod species could not be confirmed, observed marks from all analysed sharks could suggest an encounter with taxa such as the jumbo squid D. gigas, the neon flying squid O. bartramii, or the giant squid A. dux based on their potential distribution, arms and tentacles length, as well as the estimated size of the scars and suckers 12,[16][17][18] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Becerril‐García

Bernot-Simon

Arellano-Martínez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Shark-cephalopod interactions have been documented in trophic ecology studies around the world. However, there is little information about the encounters between white sharks Carcharodon carcharias and squids in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Here we provide evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in the waters of Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Through the use of non-invasive techniques, we found the presence of evident scars made by large squids on the body of the white sharks, mainly on the head and trunk, of at least 14 sharks recorded during August–December in the years 2008, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2019. The mean length of the white sharks was 3.7 m (SD ± 0.6; total length), although the majority of the sharks with scars were adult and subadult males (n = 9; 64%). One of these males was photographically recaptured during the same season in which the individual showed new scars, confirming that the squid-white shark interaction likely occurs near Guadalupe Island. Our results highlight the importance of the twilight zone for white sharks and the use of shared habitat and trophic interactions between squid and white sharks, in which future ecosystem studies should consider both species for management and conservation purposes.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Becerril‐García

Bernot-Simon

Arellano-Martínez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Traveling-Midrange was more concentrated between the two main northern elephant seal colonies, and took place mainly at night and twilight hours. During night time, white sharks could take profit of the DSL rising from 350 to 500 m below to just a range of <200 m; in this sense, Becerril-García et al (2020) found squid tentacle fresh scars on the skin of white sharks from GuadalupeIsland, with strong evidence that these scars had appeared shortly since last observation; the access to these prey was also found byPapastamatiou et al (2020) with oceanic whitetip sharks, and LeCroizier et al (2020) confirmed the importance of mesopelagic prey contribution in Guadalupe's white shark diet. During dawn and sunset, this behavior possibly indicates a patrolling hunting strategy under low-light conditions, where the silhouette of the prey…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…While the role of the island for this white shark population is unclear, evidence in previous studies showed that it can serve as a secondary nursery area for juveniles and as a feeding area for adults, which benefit from the pinniped colonies (mainly the northern elephant seal), although the frequency of attacks on them (seen at the surface) is not as high as in other areas such as California, which could be due to the excellent water clarity that allows ambush in deep waters (Domeier et al, 2012;Hoyos-Padilla et al, 2016;Skomal et al, 2015). Moreover, according to new evidence (Becerril-García et al, 2020;Le Croizier et al, 2020;Papastamatiou et al, 2020), Guadalupe Island could be more important than previously thought in terms of access to mesopelagic prey, acting as a barrier trap and hindering their dispersion.…”

Section: Unlike Many Other White Shark Aggregation Sites Guadalupementioning

confidence: 99%

Diving deeper into the underlying white shark behaviors at Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Aquino-Baleytó

Leos‐Barajas

Adam

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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How animals use a set of physical characteristics and resources in a habitat, together with the time over which they use them, is known as habitat use (Hall et al., 1997). Energy is the most precious asset in an ecosystem (Lawson et al., 2019), such that an animal must always be concerned with conserving it by balancing its acquisition and loss (MacArthur & Pianka, 1966) while minimizing predation risk (Bartumeus & Catalan, 2009). Consequently, animals must make different decisions throughout the day, optimizing their energy use (e.g., whether to hunt, take refuge, socialize for reproductive purposes or not, and rest) (Heithaus et al., 2001;Papastamatiou et al., 2011). This will lead to specific patterns of activity depending on the physical conditions (tides, time of day, temperature, wind, vegetation, currents, bathymetry, etc.) and external biological conditions (distribution and density of their predators and prey), as well as physiological requirements, at a given time (Houston & McNamara, 2014). In general terms, the more linear movements (and fewer

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“…), glass squid (Megalocranchia spp. ), or giant squid (Papastamatiou et al, 2020). The colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) has hooks along the length of its arms and larger, revolving 'club hooks' at the tips of its tentacles, which are believed to be used in prey capture, but may also be used in self-defence (Rosa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Retaliatory Responsesa Last Resortmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of predator avoidance in cephalopods: A case of brain over brawn?

et al. 2022

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Predation is a major evolutionary driver of animal adaptation. However, understanding of anti-predator evolution is biased toward vertebrate taxa. Cephalopoda, a class in the invertebrate phylum Mollusca, are known for their diverse anti-predator strategies, characterised by their behavioural flexibility. While ancestral cephalopods were protected by a hard outer shell, extant cephalopods have greatly reduced their reliance on physical defences. Instead, cephalopods have evolved highly developed senses to identify potential threats, cryptic skin patterns to avoid detection, startle responses to deter attack, and elaborate means of escape. While cephalopod anti-predator repertoires are relatively well described, their evolution, and the selective pressures that shaped them, have received much less attention. This is despite their potential relevance, in turn, to elucidate evolution of the remarkable cognitive abilities of cephalopods. Here, we review cephalopod anti-predator evolution, considering four key aspects: (i) shell reduction and loss; (ii) the skin patterning system; (iii) the ecological context accompanying the evolution of advanced cognit.ive abilities; (iv) why the evolutionary trajectory taken by cephalopods is so unique among invertebrates. In doing so, we consider the unique physiology of cephalopods and discuss how this may have constrained or aided the development of their anti-predator repertoire. In particular, cephalopods are poorly equipped to defend themselves physically and escape predation by fish, due to a lack of comparable weaponry or musculature. We argue that this may have selected for alternative forms of defence, driving an evolutionary trajectory favouring crypsis and complex behaviours, and the promotion of sensory and cognitive adaptations. Unravelling the complexities of cephalopod anti-predator evolution remains challenging. However, recent technological developments available for cephalopod field and laboratory studies, coupled with new genomic data and analysis approaches, offer great scope to generate novel insights.

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An encounter between a pelagic shark and giant cephalopod

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Diving deeper into the underlying white shark behaviors at Guadalupe Island, Mexico

The evolution of predator avoidance in cephalopods: A case of brain over brawn?

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