An endophyte of <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i>, an intoxicating grass of northwest China

Bruehl, G. W.; Kaiser, W. J.; Klein, R.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1994.12026482

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Within the genus Achnatherum , two other species, Achnatherum inebrians and Achnatherum robustum , have been reported to be infected by Epichloë endophytes. Both are notorious for their narcotic properties in livestock and hence are named as “drunken horse grass” and “sleepy grass,” respectively ( Petroski et al, 1992 ; Bruehl et al, 1994 ). Achnatherum inebrians can be infected by Epichloë gansuensis and Epichloë inebrians ( Chen L. et al, 2015 ), and A. robustum by Epichloë funkii ( Moon et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

et al. 2020

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It is well documented that Epichloë endophytes can enhance the resistance of grasses to herbivory. However, reports on resistance to pathogenic fungi are limited, and their conclusions are variable. In this study, we chose pathogenic fungi with different trophic types, namely, the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphales species and the necrotrophic pathogen Curvularia lunata, to test the effects of Epichloë on the pathogen resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum. The results showed that, compared to Erysiphales species, C. lunata caused a higher degree of damage and lower photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in endophyte−free (E−) leaves. Endophytes significantly alleviated the damage caused by these two pathogens. The leaf damaged area and Fv/Fm of endophyte−infected (E+) leaves were similar between the two pathogen treatments, indicating that the beneficial effects of endophytes were more significant when hosts were exposed to C. lunata than when they were exposed to Erysiphales species. We found that A. sibiricum initiated jasmonic acid (JA)−related pathways to resist C. lunata but salicylic acid (SA)-related pathways to resist Erysiphales species. Endophytic fungi had no effect on the content of SA but increased the content of JA and total phenolic compounds, which suggest that endophyte infection might enhance the resistance of A. sibiricum to these two different trophic types of pathogens through similar pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

et al. 2020

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“…These alkaloids are produced by a seed-transmitted symptomless fungal endophyte, Epichloë gansuensis (C.J. Li & Nan) Schardl (Bruehl et al 1994). Previous research has shown that almost 100% of A. inebrians plants in natural rangeland are infected by the endophyte E. gansuensis (Li et al 2004).The endophytic fungi improves resistance to biotic (pest, nematode, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians)

Yue

Gao

Lu³

et al. 2020

Weed Sci

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Drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] is a perennial poisonous weed in western China. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological response of A. inebrians germination to environmental factors would facilitate the formulation of better management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, water, pH and burial depth, on the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. inebrians. The seeds germinated at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C and in alternating-temperature regimes of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25, 40/30°C, and the seed germination percentages under constant and alternating temperatures ranged from 51% to 94% and 15% to 93%, respectively. Maximum germination occurred at a constant temperature of 25°C, and germination was prevented at 45/35°C. Light did not appear to affect seed germination. The germination percentage of seeds was more than 75% in the pH range of 5 to 10, with the highest germination percentage at pH 6. The seeds germinated at osmotic potentials of 0 MPa to -1.0 MPa, but decreasing osmotic potential inhibited germination, with no germination at -1.2MPa. After 21 d of low osmotic stress, the seeds that did not germinate after rehydration had not lost their vitality. The seedling emergence percentage was highest (90%) when seeds were buried at 1 cm but declined with increasing burial depth and no emergence at 9 cm. Deep tillage may be effective in limiting the seed germination and emergence of this species. The results of this study provide useful information on the conditions necessary for A. inebrians germination and provide a theoretical basis for science-based prediction, prevention and control of this species.

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“…Bruehl et al . () cultured samples of N. gansuense in A. inerbrians from Xinjiang. The endophyte was also found in its seeds and in seedlings (Miles et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the most economically important poisonous plants to the livestock industry on temperate grasslands of China

Zhao

Gao

Jing

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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The majority of the literature on poisonous plant species in China is published in Chinese and not available to the majority of interested researchers and grassland managers in other countries. Therefore, a review of the Chinese literature was conducted to summarize the occurrence of poisonous plant species on temperate grasslands in China. We reviewed the literature to obtain general information on poisonous species but focus on locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.), drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng ex Tzvelev] and langdu (Stellera chamaejasme L.) for information on their toxins, distribution and ecology, control methods and alternate uses. Of the almost 1300 poisonous species found on grasslands in China, these species are responsible for an estimated 80% of all livestock losses. This includes loss of performance as well as mortality. The locoweeds are a complex made up of Oxytropis and Astragalus species. The toxic principle in this complex, as well as in drunken horse grass, is the result of an endophyte fungus whereas in langdu it is produced by the plant. All these species are native to the grasslands, which suggest they have been a problem ever since herding began. Over that period of at least several millennia, herders would have learned and adapted to the presence of poisonous species. Strategies were developed and therapies employed to allow the animals to cope before and after poisoning. Nevertheless, grazing management could still be refined that would allow the use of the toxic legumes, while preventing poisonous symptoms, as has been tested elsewhere.

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An endophyte of Achnatherum inebrians, an intoxicating grass of northwest China

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians)

A review of the most economically important poisonous plants to the livestock industry on temperate grasslands of China

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