An energy-conserving pyruvate-to-acetate pathway in Entamoeba histolytica. Pyruvate synthase and a new acetate thiokinase.

Reeves, Richard E.; Warren, Lionel G.; Süßkind, B.; Lo, Hsin-Sheng

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32778-3

Cited by 149 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Large fragments of PFO have also been found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae where they combine with other redox proteins to participate in methionine biosynthesis (Horner et al 1999). PFO also occurs in Entamoeba, Giardia and Spironucleus (a close relative of Giardia), but the location of the protein in these species has not been unambiguously demonstrated (Reeves et al 1977;Townson et al 1996;Brown et al 1998;Rodriguez et al 1998).…”

Section: Evolutionary Origins Of the Enzymes Used To Make Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Embley

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

111

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Classical ideas for early eukaryotic evolution often posited a period of anaerobic evolution producing a nucleated phagocytic cell to engulf the mitochondrial endosymbiont, whose presence allowed the host to colonize emerging aerobic environments. This idea was given credence by the existence of contemporary anaerobic eukaryotes that were thought to primitively lack mitochondria, thus providing examples of the type of host cell needed. However, the groups key to this hypothesis have now been shown to contain previously overlooked mitochondrial homologues called hydrogenosomes or mitosomes; organelles that share common ancestry with mitochondria but which do not carry out aerobic respiration. Mapping these data on the unfolding eukaryotic tree reveals that secondary adaptation to anaerobic habitats is a reoccurring theme among eukaryotes. The apparent ubiquity of mitochondrial homologues bears testament to the importance of the mitochondrial endosymbiosis, perhaps as a founding event, in eukaryotic evolution. Comparative study of different mitochondrial homologues is needed to determine their fundamental importance for contemporary eukaryotic cells.

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Section: Evolutionary Origins Of the Enzymes Used To Make Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Embley

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

111

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“…In the scheme described in Figure 3, proline and glutamate are oxidised via anaplerotic reactions to 2-oxoglutate, which is further oxidised to succinate and malate, the succinate is excreted and the malate further oxidised, via pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. However, this does not act as a substrate for citrate synthase to enter the TCA cycle, but is converted to acetate by acetyl-CoA-synthetase (ADP-forming) [47] with the formation of one molecule ATP, with acetate being exported. The synthesis of acetyl-CoA via pyruvate is also supported by the oxidation of alanine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Scale Metabolic Modelling Approach to Understand the Metabolism of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A

et al. 2022

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common commensal of collagen-rich regions of the body, such as the skin, but also represents a threat to patients with medical implants (joints and heart), and to preterm babies. Far less studied than Staphylococcus aureus, the mechanisms behind this increasingly recognised pathogenicity are yet to be fully understood. Improving our knowledge of the metabolic processes that allow S. epidermidis to colonise different body sites is key to defining its pathogenic potential. Thus, we have constructed a fully curated, genome-scale metabolic model for S. epidermidis RP62A, and investigated its metabolic properties with a focus on substrate auxotrophies and its utilisation for energy and biomass production. Our results show that, although glucose is available in the medium, only a small portion of it enters the glycolytic pathways, whils most is utilised for the production of biofilm, storage and the structural components of biomass. Amino acids, proline, valine, alanine, glutamate and arginine, are preferred sources of energy and biomass production. In contrast to previous studies, we have shown that this strain has no real substrate auxotrophies, although removal of proline from the media has the highest impact on the model and the experimental growth characteristics. Further study is needed to determine the significance of proline, an abundant amino acid in collagen, in S. epidermidis colonisation.

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“…PFOR, ferredoxin: NAD oxidoreductase and NADH oxidase) are located in the cytosol or plasma membrane, and these oxidoreductases use ferredoxin proteins, containing Fe-S clusters, rather than NAD + as cofactor. [25][26][27][28][29] In Giardia, reduced ferredoxin, metabolic products and reducing compounds probably participate in the reduction of MTS/PMS tetrazolium salt. These differences in metabolism could be the reason for the improved detection limit of G. duodenalis trophozoites by the MTS/PMS method, compared with T. cruzi epimastigotes, which has mitochondria.…”

Section: Mts Tetrazolium Salt-based Method Mitochondrial Versus ''Ami...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrazolium salt based methods for high-throughput evaluation of anti-parasite chemotherapy

et al. 2011

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An energy-conserving pyruvate-to-acetate pathway in Entamoeba histolytica. Pyruvate synthase and a new acetate thiokinase.

Cited by 149 publications

References 25 publications

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Genome-Scale Metabolic Modelling Approach to Understand the Metabolism of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A

Tetrazolium salt based methods for high-throughput evaluation of anti-parasite chemotherapy

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