An energy efficient rate selection algorithm for voltage quantized dynamic voltage scaling

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents a highly energy efficient alternative algorithm to the conventional workload averaging technique for voltage quantized dynamic voltage scaling. This algorithm incorporates the strengths of the conventional workload averaging technique and our previously proposed Rate Selection Algorithm, resulting in higher energy savings while minimizing the buffer size requirement and improving the overall system stability by minimizing the number of voltage transitions. Our experimental work using the Forward Mapped Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform computation (FMIDCT) as the variable workload computation, nine 300-frame MPEG-2 video sequences as the test data, and a 4-level voltage quantization shows that our algorithm produces better energy savings in all test cases when compared to the workload averaging technique, and the maximum energy saving for the test cases was 23%.

Hard real-time tasks' scheduling considering voltage scaling, precedence and exclusion relations

“…Assuming a voltage V ∈ V and the respective maximum frequency f = vff (V ), task computation time (C ) can be obtained by C = c i / f , where c i is the task (τ i ) WCEC. Furthermore, computation transitions have energy consumption values greater than zero, which are calculated using equation 1 from [5]. (e) Preemptive task structure block.…”

“…Nevertheless, dispatcher and preemption overheads are disregarded. Works, such as [5,6], are based on runtime scheduling policies, which can greatly improve energy consumption as shown by their experimental results. However, those works do not properly tackle overheads related to voltage/frequency switching, and neglect precedence and exclusion relations.…”

A Unified Approach to Variable Voltage Scheduling for Nonideal DVS Processors

“…Some of these consider only discrete voltage levels. For example, Chandrasena et al [16] introduce a rate-selection algorithm for a DVS processor with limited voltage levels, but the algorithm provides no deadline guarantee for the tasks. In [17], Lee et al consider discrete voltage levels in dynamic (i.e., on-line) voltage scheduling for periodic tasks.…”

Dynamic voltage scheduling with buffers in low-power multimedia applications

“…We aim to minimize the voltage fluctuation because a constant voltage level gives the ideal performance. Nielsen et al [1994], Gutnik [1996], Chandrasena and Liebelt [2000] and Chandrasena et al [2001] have already proposed the concept of using buffers with voltage scaling. They use buffers to average the workload distribution at run-time and to determine the voltage level adaptively.…”