An Energy-Efficient Two-Stage Cooperative Routing Scheme in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

Cheng, Jianming; Gao, Yating; Zhang, Ningbo; Yang, Hongwen

doi:10.3390/s19051002

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cheng et al [14] presented that end-to-end energy costs and network lifetime cooperative routing are greatly restricted if the cooperative transmission model is not well designed. So they explore a two-stage cooperative routing scheme to improve routing energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime by designing a core helper to determine the helper set for cooperation, formulating the two-stage link cost and selecting the optimal helper set to optimize the link cost.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2020

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Generally, routing techniques are essential for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to deliver data packets to their destinations (also known as sinks). For a practical application, sensors are deployed to monitor environmental changes and events. Most WSNs detect specific events in their specific environments. But, different WSNs may monitor different events with different sensors in the same area. For example, a smart-home WSN deploys thermal sensors/meters to measure indoor and outdoor temperatures, bodytemperature sensors to detect thief intrusion, etc. Also, in the underlying house, there is a health WSN which utilizes physiological sensors to monitor patients' health condition. In other words, several WSNs of different purposes co-exist in the same geographical area. Currently, each WSN's data delivery is independent from others'. Basically, if all sensors in such a multi-WSNs environment can share their routing paths/nodes and relay event packets for other WSNs, the delivery efficiency can be enhanced since many more sensors can be found there for packet relay. Consequently, the transmission energy can be reduced since energy consumed for wireless transmission is proportional to d 2 where d is the transmission distance between sender and receiver. Therefore, in this study, we propose an energy saving routing mechanism, named Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (EERH for short), in which several WSNs deployed in the same geographical environment form a heterogeneous sensor network and sensors relay packets for its own WSN and also for other WSNs. Routing paths are dynamically established according to the transmission directions of event packets and the residual energy of the underlying sensors and their neighbors. In addition, the packets routed to the same direction by the same sensors are aggregated to save delivering energy. Moreover, the network parameters of the EERH, like propagation delay of an event packet and the transmission distance of a sensor, are adjustable so as to satisfy the practical environment needs. Simulation results show that the EERH efficiently extends the lifetime of a heterogeneous WSN. INDEX TERMS Wireless sensor networks, heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, energy efficient, cooperative routing.

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Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2020

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“…In this context, traditional routing protocols such as AODV [3], DSR [4] based on a chain of retransmissions (one node every time) are a risky strategy in terms of communication reliability. Major recent protocols dedicated to the nanonetworks such as [5,6,7,8] also adopt the point to point relay mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient routing protocol for concave unstable terahertz nanonetworks

2020

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The recent progress in nanotechnologies is giving birth to a novel topology of wireless networks characterized by a high local density and an intensive node instability such as in WBAN and swarm micro-robots systems. In this paper, we show that classical and dedicated ad hoc nanonetwork routing solutions are inefficient in this case and present a low reliability level and add a supplementary delay and control traffic. Majority of these solutions are based on point to point relaying mode, which is not adapted to the instability context. The multirelay to multirelay approaches allow countering the problem of nanonodes uncertainty by using the high number of inter-node connections. However, these approaches perform badly when the nanonetwork deployment presents distortions and concave sides. We propose a new routing protocol called Multirelay to Multirelay Routing Protocol (M2MRPv2), which provides a natural way to manage the residual energy levels on the nanonodes. M2MRPv2 is, to the best of our knowledge, the only approach that proposes a proactive multirelay to multirelay routing mode where the residual energy level of the nanonodes and reliability of the routing paths are taken into account. We study the performances of multirelay to multirelay protocols according to different multi-source to multi-sink communication scenarios. The obtained results show that M2MRPv2 protocol outperforms by far the Sustainable Longevity Routing (SLR) protocol (the reference protocol for Terahertz nanonetworks) in terms of transmission reliability and energy management. This outperformance is accentuated when the Terahertz nanonetwork deployment presents many concavities.

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“…Hempstead, Tripathi, Mauro, Wei, and Brooks (), Sinha and Chandrakasan (), Onibonoje (), and Ottman, Hofmann, and Lesieutre () had reported the use of power management techniques, while Ye, Heidemann, and Estrin () and Ali, Al Bulushi, Nadir, and Hussain () reported the use of medium access control protocols. Heinzelman, Kulik, and Balakrishnan (), Zhang and Arora (), Di Pietro, Mancini, and Jajodia (), Cheng, Gao, Zhang, and Yang (), and Di Pietro, Ma, Soriente, and Tsudik () also discussed the use of routing (self‐healing) protocols to mitigate the problems. Hempstead et al (), Darroudi, Caldera‐Sanchez, and Gomez (), and Yoo, Ta, Jang, and Oh () proposed an ultralow power system architecture for sensor network applications, while Seah, Eu, and Tan () developed a wireless sensor networks (WSNs) powered by ambient energy harvesting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…medium access control protocols. Heinzelman, Kulik, and Balakrishnan (1999), Zhang and Arora (2003), Di Pietro, Mancini, and Jajodia (2003), Cheng, Gao, Zhang, and Yang (2019), and Di Pietro, Ma, Soriente, and Tsudik (2008) also discussed the use of routing (self-healing) protocols to mitigate the problems. Hempstead et al (2005), Darroudi, Caldera-Sanchez, and Gomez (2019), and Yoo, Ta, Jang, and Oh (2019) proposed an ultralow power system architecture for sensor network applications, while Seah, Eu, and Tan (2009) developed a wireless sensor networks (WSNs) powered by ambient energy harvesting.…”

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confidence: 99%

A wireless sensor network system for monitoring environmental factors affecting bulk grains storability

Onibonoje

Nwulu

Bokoro

2019

J Food Process Engineering

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Many nations and their people rely on agriculture for gross domestic product and food security. Globally, 2.4 billion tons of grains are produced per annum. Efficient monitoring and control of the environmental factors affecting quality of granaries is therefore important to both farmers and governments. This study designs and develops a distributed low‐power, low‐cost but effective wireless monitoring system for storing bulk grains. Furthermore, a mini storage facility for grains is also designed and constructed according to standard considerations for a pilot test. The study deployed the developed wireless monitoring system with efficient coverage in the constructed mini bin and monitored the environmental factors affecting the quality of the stored grains over a time period. The entire system was then evaluated. From the obtained results, the developed system achieved optimal trade‐offs among coverage efficiency, reduced power consumption, reduced cost, real‐time monitoring, and longer node life. The system is appropriate for small and medium scale farmers and marketers. Practical applications The major application of the developed system resides in modular storage facilities for small scale farmers and middle level marketers of grains. The shortage or inaccessibility of small scale farmers and marketers of grains to resourceful storage bins has been eliminated. Furthermore, the system can possibly be deployed in existing large volume granary storage systems provided by governments in cities and major towns, for effective monitoring purpose. In most developing countries, many of the storage units provided by the governments for bulk grains are poorly managed. The relevance of this study is justified in its contribution to the provision of information on the selection of comparatively resourceful components for wireless monitoring systems. The network system analyses various components, topologies, and technologies based on specific criteria in order to identify the ones with comparative advantages. In summary, the developed wireless sensor network system helps to ensure food security and good economic returns of quality grains through well‐monitored, controlled, and affordable storage facilities.

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An Energy-Efficient Two-Stage Cooperative Routing Scheme in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Efficient routing protocol for concave unstable terahertz nanonetworks

A wireless sensor network system for monitoring environmental factors affecting bulk grains storability

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