An energy loss model based temperature estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)

Review of air-cooling strategies, combinations and thermal analysis (experimental and analytical) of a permanent magnet synchronous motor

“…However, because of a huge amount of heat which is generated during the PMSM operation, they are limited to traction applications with sudden accelerations, recurrent changes of torque and speed requirements. 6,13 High-speed PMSM machines are essential prime movers in turbines, generators, compressors, electro spindles, aero chargers and special aviation applications. 14 Moreover, the permanent magnet synchronous motor with its high efficiency, reliability and torque density is the best option for wind turbine generators, electric shipboard propulsion motors, belt transmission motors in mines and ball mill motors.…”

“…Mechanical losses include windage loss and bearing friction. 6 The windage loss is calculated by simulating the airflow around the rotating rotor and is given by…”

“…This failure is directly caused by short circuits in the winding. 6 High rotor temperature demagnetizes the permanent magnets in the PMSM. Meanwhile, that the NdFeB magnets are the strongest magnets available, they are not robust to the temperature such as SmCo magnets.…”

“…Safe temperature range Demagnetization 6,17,[20][21][22][23]34,60,61,66,70 Up to 230 C for NdFeB Up to 350 C for SmCo Degradation of insulation 12,17,[20][21][22]60,66,67 155 C-220 C Polyurethane-polyester plus polyamide-imide as an insulation Decreased motor performance 21,32,43,60,63 Up to 150 C Decreased density of torque 31,60 Up to 150 C Degradation of bearings 29,61,67 70 C-110 C and for even >160 C For polyurea thickener with an ester base oil as a grease Increased consumption of energy 31,60 Up to 150 C Stresses developed in core, magnets and in sleeve 60 Up to 150 C Short circuit 6 Up to 150 C Figure 3. PMSM torque in respect to rotational speed for constant temperature characteristics, (temperature values are labelled on lines).…”

“…A hybrid electric vehicle or battery-operated electric device requires a permanent magnet synchronous machine for its compactness, high power density and high efficiency. 5,6 The PMSMs are commonly used in electric mining motors due to it higher power density. 7 Also, the PMSMs are used in wind energy generators due to its high durability, 8 or in in-wheel electric motors (EVs).…”