The evolution of social education has necessitated the optimization of various teaching approaches, and the classification of English teaching resources is one of the crucial factors. With the development of electronic computers and Big Data technologies, the classification of teaching resources that could not be realized before has become possible now. However, the traditional classification methods cannot meet the requirements of modern computing due to the limitations of implementation. The emergence of swarm intelligence algorithms makes the classification of teaching resources possible. Swarm intelligence algorithm is a swarm-based multipoint random search algorithm, which includes evolutionary algorithm, immune algorithm, particle swarm procedure (PSO), ant colony process, artificial fish swarm mechanism, and other typical intelligent techniques. The swarm intelligence algorithm has strong robustness and strong global and local search capabilities, as well as, implicit parallelism. Furthermore, it has no special requirements for objective functions and constraint functions. It has the function of “black box” and can overcome problems where traditional optimization methods are insufficient. The swarm intelligence algorithm has a large space for development and rich forms of expression, and there is an essential connection between them, so that they can be well integrated. The key goal of this study is to implement the swarm intelligence algorithm to the task of classifying English teaching resources and to provide a reference for optimizing the English teaching model. The experimental findings demonstrate that the suggested classification model for English teaching resources has excellent performance, is favorable to enhancing the utilization rate of teaching resources, and is applicable to other disciplines.