An Enhanced AC Fault Ride through Scheme for Offshore Wind-Based MMC-HVDC System

Soomro, Jahangeer Badar; Kumar, D. Santhosh; Chachar, Faheem Akhtar; Isik, Semih; Alharbi, Mohammed

doi:10.3390/su15118922

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…• Limiting input power to the HVDC system [25], [26]. The first solution is to install braking resistors or choppers located adjacent to the onshore converter [16]- [18] or integrated to the onshore converter [19]- [21], which dissipate excess power in the HVDC transmission system. The braking choppers have the advantage of having a fast response, but they increase the total size and cost of the system and require installation space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Fault Ride-Through Method of HVDC Interconnector for Islanded AC Grid With Offshore Wind Farm and Loads

Krneta,

Sano

2024

IEEE Access

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This paper proposes an ac fault ride-through (FRT) method for high-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission systems that serve as an interconnector between the onshore ac grid and an islanded offshore ac grid. The conventional HVDC system for offshore wind farms has realized its FRT by consuming excess power by a braking resistor. However, the same method cannot be applied if the offshore ac grid includes not only wind farms but also various loads, which are recently envisioned in multipurpose interconnectors or energy islands. In this article, a novel FRT method based on voltage control for HVDC interconnectors operating with bidirectional power flow is proposed. The proposed method curtails the ac voltage formed by the offshore converter according to the converter's dc current and voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed FRT method is established through experiments on a mini model.INDEX TERMS Deloading, islanding, HVDC transmission, fault ride-through (FRT), voltage control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Fault Ride-Through Method of HVDC Interconnector for Islanded AC Grid With Offshore Wind Farm and Loads

Krneta,

Sano

2024

IEEE Access

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“…For far-offshore wind farms connected to the grid by VSC-HVDC technology, in [6], Wang et al studied the overvoltage caused by short circuit faults in the cables connected to the high-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer. in [7][8], Soomro et al studied the impact of short circuit faults at the exit of the wind farm on the voltage on the DC transmission line and the AC side of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). These studies all simplified the collection system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation analysis of overvoltage caused by grounded short circuit in the collection system of far-offshore wind farms

Cheng

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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As the distance from the shore of offshore wind farms increases, MMC-HVDC technology is gradually gaining attention in its grid connection schemes. A broadband electromagnetic transient model of offshore wind farms with a total capacity of 800 MW connected to the grid via a flexible direct current transmission system is developed. After three types of grounded short circuit faults occur at different fault positions within the power collection system, the characteristics of overvoltage are obtained and they are analyzed on the basis of considering the low voltage ride-through capability of the direct-drive permanent magnet wind power generator. Combining the two factors of range and amplitude, the results show that the overvoltage phenomenon is the most serious when a two-phase grounded short circuit occurs at the converging busbar, which can be the focus of the study when setting up overvoltage protection.

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Issues and Challenges of Grid-Following Converters Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources in Low Inertia Systems: A Review

Aljarrah,

Fawaz,

Salem

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a key objective for energy sector decision-makers worldwide, aiming to establish renewable-rich future power grids. However, transitioning from conventional systems based on synchronous generators (SGs) or systems with a low RESs share presents challenges, particularly when accompanied by decommissioning large central generation units. This is because the reduction in inertia and system strength, traditionally provided by SGs, can lead to a loss of essential system support functions like voltage and frequency. While current converter technologies attempt to compensate for the grid support provided by SGs by enhancing converter capabilities, they still heavily rely on the presence of SGs to function effectively. These converters, known as grid-following (GFL) converters, depend on the grid to operate in a stable and secure manner. As the penetration of RESs increases, the efficacy of GFL converters diminishes, posing stability challenges in low inertia systems and limiting the integration of RESs. Therefore, it is crucial to reassess the existing GFL converter technologies, control mechanisms, and grid codes to understand their status and future requirements. This will shed light on the advancements and limitations of GFL converters, enabling greater RESs integration and grid support independent of SGs. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date reference for researchers and system operators, addressing the issues and challenges related to GFL converter technologies, control systems, and applications in low inertia systems. It serves as a valuable resource for facilitating the transition towards future systems with 100% RESs penetration scenarios.INDEX TERMS Grid following converters; low inertia systems; renewable energy sources; weak grids.

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An Enhanced AC Fault Ride through Scheme for Offshore Wind-Based MMC-HVDC System

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

AC Fault Ride-Through Method of HVDC Interconnector for Islanded AC Grid With Offshore Wind Farm and Loads

AC Fault Ride-Through Method of HVDC Interconnector for Islanded AC Grid With Offshore Wind Farm and Loads

Simulation analysis of overvoltage caused by grounded short circuit in the collection system of far-offshore wind farms

Issues and Challenges of Grid-Following Converters Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources in Low Inertia Systems: A Review

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