An enhanced GRA1–GRA7 cocktail DNA vaccine primes anti-Toxoplasma immune responses in pigs

Long-Term Immunity to Lethal Acute or Chronic Type IIToxoplasma gondiiInfection Is Effectively Induced in Genetically Susceptible C57BL/6 Mice by Immunization with an Attenuated Type I Vaccine Strain

“…Numerous studies have evaluated responses to vaccines based on protein or DNA components of T. gondii with various degrees of success (1,2,4,5,9,11,22,24,25,28,36,37,40,44,46). Virulent parasite strains, as well as attenuated T. gondii strains, have been paramount in dissecting the immunobiology of host response in regard to understanding adaptive immune responses that may be helpful in vaccine design.…”

DNA Vaccination by Electroporation and Boosting with Recombinant Proteins Enhances the Efficacy of DNA Vaccines for Schistosomiasis Japonica

“…For example, mice vaccinated with a cocktail DNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii produced high levels of antiparasite antibody, coincident with lymphocyte proliferation and production of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) following challenge with the parasite (14). Unlike Toxoplasma, schistosomes are large, multicellular organisms that undergo several different developmental stages as they mature to egglaying adult worms in the mammalian host.…”

Vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: challenges and opportunities

“…In sharp contrast, sterile immunity against tissue cyst formation and oocyst shedding has been obtained in pigs (Kringel et al 2004, Garcia et al 2005, Jongert et al 2008a) and cats, respectively , Garcia et al 2007). The highest protection against congenital disease, however, was obtained in a rat model (Zenner et al 1999).…”

“…Recently, a GRA7 DNA vaccine was found to be correlated with high-level protection against brain cyst formation and a cocktail DNA vaccine with a combination of GRA1 and GRA7 could reduce the T. gondii 76K brain cyst burden by 89% in C3H/HeN mice, but no sterile immunity was obtained (Jongert et al 2007). Interestingly, the same GRA1-GRA7 cocktail DNA vaccine was able to provide sterile protection against tissue cyst formation in two of three vaccinated pigs (Jongert et al 2008a). …”