An Enriched Environment Alters DNA Repair and Inflammatory Responses After Radiation Exposure

Sakama, Sae; Kurusu, Keisuke; Morita, Mayu; Oizumi, Takashi; Masugata, Shinya; Oka, Shiro; Yokomizo, Shinya; Nishimura, Masaharu; Morioka, Takamitsu; Kakinuma, Shizuko; Shimada, Yoshiya; Nakamura, Asako

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.760322

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Housing conditions. We previously reported our established EE condition (21,22). Briefly, an EE was created in a large cage (depth, 542 mm; width, 426 mm; height, 200 mm) supplemented with a running wheel, igloo, paper-based nest box, tunnel, red transparent plastic nest box, wooden block, and nesting sheet (Bio-Serv, Frenchtown, NJ, USA) as shown in Figure 1A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Increases Radiation-induced Apoptosis Not Spontaneous Apoptosis in Mouse Intestinal Crypt Cells

Yokomizo

Nishimura

Morioka

et al. 2022

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: An enriched environment (EE) modifies apoptotic cell death and promotes cell proliferation in the central nervous system (CNS) in mice. However, few studies have examined the effects of an EE on apoptosis in non-CNS organs in model orgamisms. In addition, the intestinal tract is one of organs at high-risk of carcinogenesis after radiation exposure. Herein we evaluated the effects of an EE on spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in intestinal crypt cells of mice. and adult (11-week-old) male B6C3F1 mice were housed in a standard environment or EE for 8 weeks and then were whole-body irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays. Apoptosis in the small intestine and colon was analyzed with antibody against cleaved caspase 3. Results: The EE significantly reduced body weight; adipose tissue weight; and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, leptin, and insulin. Although EE did not change the spontaneous apoptotic index without irradiation, it significantly increased the index after irradiation in the colonic crypt. The apoptotic index in the small intestinal crypt showed similar patterns. Conclusion: An EE enhances radiation-induced apoptosis of stem/progenitor cells in the small intestine and colon without affecting spontaneous apoptosis. An EE may thus reduce the risk of cancer in the intestinal tract after radiation exposure such as radiotherapy.An enriched environment (EE) refers to an animal housing condition that provides physical, psychological, cognitive, and social stimulation (1). In this environment, animals are housed in much larger cages than conventional ones, and items of various shape, colour, size, and texture are used for sensory-motor and social stimulation (1, 2). As a result, an EE offers opportunities for animals to perform a repertoire of species-specific behaviors by integrating multiple sensory experiences (1). Thus, an EE is considered to be a 'eustress', which induces health-promoting or adaptive physiological responses in animals (3). It has been proposed that an EE significantly affects functions of the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurogenesis, plasticity, learning, and memory (4). Little is known, however, on the effects of an EE on other organs.Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death and is an important mechanism for regulating the development and homeostasis of various organs and for eliminating damaged cells (5). One of the effects of an EE on the CNS is the inhibition of apoptosis. For example, an EE decreases spontaneous apoptosis in the granule cells of the hippocampus in male rats (6). In addition, an EE attenuates sevoflurane-and ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis (7, 8). The inhibitory effects on neuronal apoptosis may contribute to improved learning and memory and disease prevention (9). Recently, Li et al. reported that an EE attenuates 618 This article is freely accessible online.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Increases Radiation-induced Apoptosis Not Spontaneous Apoptosis in Mouse Intestinal Crypt Cells

Yokomizo

Nishimura

Morioka

et al. 2022

In Vivo

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“…TAMs secrete IL-6 and IL-8 ( Ahmed et al, 2021 ; Radharani et al, 2022 ), associated with resistance to therapies including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. TAMs-secreted PDGF enhances DNA repair in cancer cells against radiation therapy ( Sakama et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Pro-tumour Effects Of Tammentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment

Ji,

Chan,

Chan

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.

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“…In contrast to distress, eustress exhibited a protective effect against DNA damage. For example, EE improved the response to DNA damage and the rate of DNA repair after radiation exposure ( 93 ).…”

Section: Psychological Eustress and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological distress and eustress in cancer and cancer treatment: Advances and perspectives

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Facing cancer diagnosis, patients with cancer are prone to psychological stress and consequent psychological disorders. The association between psychological stress and cancer has long been a subject of high interest. To date, preclinical studies have gradually uncovered the promotive effects of psychological distress on tumor hallmarks. In contrast, eustress may exert suppressive effects on tumorigenesis and beneficial effects on tumor treatment, which brings a practicable means and psychosocial perspective to cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, by focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, as well as stress-related crucial neurotransmitters and hormones, we highlight the effects of distress and eustress on tumorigenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and tumor treatment. We also discuss the findings of clinical studies on stress management in patients with cancer. Last, we summarize questions that remain to be addressed and provide suggestions for future research directions.

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An Enriched Environment Alters DNA Repair and Inflammatory Responses After Radiation Exposure

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Environmental Enrichment Increases Radiation-induced Apoptosis Not Spontaneous Apoptosis in Mouse Intestinal Crypt Cells

Environmental Enrichment Increases Radiation-induced Apoptosis Not Spontaneous Apoptosis in Mouse Intestinal Crypt Cells

Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment

Psychological distress and eustress in cancer and cancer treatment: Advances and perspectives

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