An Environmental Sensor Data Suite Using the OGC SensorThings API

Abstract

In many application domains sensor data contributes an important part to the situation awareness required for decision making. Examples range from environmental and climate change situations to industrial production processes. All these fields need to aggregate and fuse many data sources, the semantics of the data needs to be understood and the results must be presented to the decision makers in an accessible way. This process is already defined as the "sensor to decision chain" [11] but which solutions and technologies can be proposed for implementing it? Since the Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly growing with an estimated number of 30 billion sensors in 2020, it offers excellent potential to collect time-series data for improving situational awareness. The IoT brings several challenges: caused by a splintered sensor manufacturer landscape, data comes in various structures, incompatible protocols and unclear semantics. To tackle these challenges a well-defined interface, from where uniform data can be queried, is necessary. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has recognized this demand and developed the Sensor-Things API (STA) standard, an open, unified way to interconnect devices throughout the IoT. Since its introduction in 2016, it has shown to be a versatile and easy to use standard for exchanging and managing sensor data. This paper proposes the STA as the central part for implementing the sensor to decision chain. Furthermore, it describes several projects that successfully implemented the architecture and identifies open issues with the SensorThings API that, if solved, would further improve the usability of the API.

Dynamic Geospatial Data Integration: A Case Study of Moving Objects in Munakata City, Japan Using OGC API Moving Features and Sensorthings API

“…Central to its utility in smart urban ecosystems is its capability for standardizing data management, facilitating the seamless interplay of geospatial information, enabling real-time data processing, and bolstering urban planning and management processes. The API's architectural design facilitates the dynamic linkage of a diverse array of sensor data with urban data systems, proving instrumental in a spectrum of municipal functionalities including, but not limited to, environmental surveillance, traffic orchestration, and public welfare systems (van Der Schaaf et al, 2020). Such integration empowers urban administrators with augmented analytics, leading to more sagacious decision-making paradigms and efficacious urban governance (Liang et al, 2016).…”

Centralised monitoring and control of buildings using open standards

“…The use of the STA should satisfy all three points. Some examples of usage can be found in (Emde et al, 2022, van der Schaaf et al, 2020 for environmental informational systems, in (OGC Team, 2022) for Citizen Science, in (Fischer et al, 2021) for the networking of digital spaces.…”