An enzyme biotechnology for the total utilization of leather wastes

“…A process which requires an ordinary equipment and consume minimum time was reported for the production of commercial products of high value from hide or skin trimmings (Dalev and Simeonova 1992).…”

Section: Leather Processing: Operations and Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review

Sundar

Gnanamani

Muralidharan

et al. 2010

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

136

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Hides and skins, by-product of the meat industry is converted into a value added product namely leather by the tanners. Tanning essentially is the process of converting raw hides and skins into imputrescible substance. The tanning process has number of steps and generates significant quantities of by products and wastes. These solid and liquid wastes pose major environmental problem if not managed effectively. Large-scale production systems are adopted for leather processing in clusters and therefore, the industry receives focus of environmentalists and society. Consequently tremendous pressure is exerted by various pollution regulatory bodies. The hides and skins, after trimming, removal of flesh and fat, are treated with chemicals, which cross-link the collagen fibers to form a stable, durable material. The chemicals used may be derived from traditional vegetable products, or inorganic metal salts. During leather processing number of size reduction, leveling and purification operations are carried out which results in generation of untanned and tanned proteinous waste materials. In this paper, various recovery processes and utilization methodologies of proteinous solid wastes, emanating from leather processing operations prior to tanning is reviewed.

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“…e biomass is generally classified into solid and liquid biomass and the solid biomass comprise flushing, shaving, splitting, and hair. : Production of glue from leather biomass (adopted from [28]).…”

Section: Physical Properties Of Leather Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Utilization Routes of the Leather Industry Biomass

Ayele

Limeneh

Tesfaye

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The use of biomass to produce bioenergy and biomaterials is considered a sustainable alternative to depleting fossil fuel resources. The world tanneries consume 8–9 MT of skin and hide every year producing 1.4 MT of solid waste. Most of the solid biomass generated from tanneries is disposed of as waste in the environment using either landfilling or thermal incineration. Disposal of this waste into the environment affects the ecosystem, causing bad odor (air pollution) and has an antagonistic impact on the environment. Due to this, European Union legislation bans the landfilling of biomass. This study aims to comprehensively review the possible valorization routes of leather processing industry biomass into high-value biomaterials. Leather biomass (trimmings, shaving, splitting, and buffing dust) mainly contain 30%–35% collagen protein, which is produced by acid or alkali hydrolysis. The biopolymers obtained from leather industry biomass can be utilized in the production of several high-value materials. In addition, leather processing industry biomass also contains fat, which can be converted into a bio-surfactant, and other useful biomaterials. Keratin protein can also be extracted from the hair waste of hides and skins. The increased demand for biomaterials makes the using of leather industry biomass very attractive. From this study, it can be concluded that the conversions of leather processing industry waste to valuable biomaterial can protect the environment, generate additional income for leather industries, and pave way for sustainable and renewable biomaterials production.

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An enzyme biotechnology for the total utilization of leather wastes

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Protease production by a thermophilic Bacillus species (P-001A) which degrades various kinds of fibrous proteins

Protease production by a thermophilic Bacillus species (P-001A) which degrades various kinds of fibrous proteins

Recovery and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review

A Review on Utilization Routes of the Leather Industry Biomass

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