An Epidemic Case of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 （&lt;i&gt;Lagovirus europaeus&lt;/i&gt; GI.2） in Tochigi, Japan

Ueda, Minato; Harahuji, Mei; Shirai, Yukiji; Yoneyama, Shuji; Tosaki, Kaori; Miyazaki, Akira

doi:10.5686/jjzwm.26.53

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Eleven RHD outbreaks were reported between 1998 and 2020 [9–14]. Thus far, genetic characterisation of Japanese strains has been performed using only a partial sequence of the major capsid gene, VP60 [10–13]. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of the Japanese RHDV strains and analysis of viral recombination events, followed by phylogenetic characterisation, were performed to completely understand the genetics of RHDV in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven RHD outbreaks were reported between 1998 and 2020 [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thus far, genetic characterisation of Japanese strains has been performed using only a partial sequence of the major capsid gene, VP60 [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, RHD was listed as a notifiable disease under the Act on Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1998. Eleven RHD outbreaks were reported between 1998 and 2020 [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thus far, genetic characterisation of Japanese strains has been performed using only a partial sequence of the major capsid gene, VP60 [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus strains responsible for rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks in Japan between 2000 and 2020

Tanikawa

Watanabe

Mikami

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly contagious and fatal disease in rabbits caused by the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), which includes two genotypes, RHDV-GI.1 and RHDV2-GI.2. RHDVs tend to recombine among different strains, resulting in significant genetic evolution. This study evaluated the genetics of Japanese RHDV strains associated with six outbreaks between 2000 and 2020 using whole-genome sequencing, genomic recombination and phylogenetic analyses. Genomic recombination analysis using near-complete genomic sequences revealed that two Japanese strains detected in 2000 and 2002 were non-recombinant GI.1 (variant RHDVa-GI.1a) strains of different origins, most closely related to strains identified in PR China in 1997 and the USA in 2001, respectively. In contrast, four recent Japanese GI.2 strains detected between 2019 and 2020 were recombinant viruses harbouring structural protein (SP) genes from GI.2 strains and non-SP (NSP) genes from a benign rabbit calicivirus (RCV) strain of genotype RCV-E1-GI.3 (GI.3P–GI.2) or an RHDV G1-GI.1b variant (GI.1bP–GI.2). Phylogenetic analysis based on SP and NSP regions revealed that the GI.1bP–GI.2 recombinant virus detected in Ehime prefecture and the GI.3P–GI.2 recombinant viruses detected in Ibaraki, Tochigi and Chiba prefectures were most closely related to recombinant viruses identified in Australia in 2017 and Germany in 2017, respectively. These results suggested that past RHD outbreaks in Japan did not result from the evolution of domestic RHDVs but rather represented incursions of foreign RHDV strains, implying that Japan is constantly at risk of RHDV incursion from other countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus strains responsible for rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks in Japan between 2000 and 2020

Tanikawa

Watanabe

Mikami

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2, 2010–2023: a review of global detections and affected species

Asin,

Calvete,

Uzal

et al. 2024

J VET Diagn Invest

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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2/genotype GI.2 (RHDV2/GI.2; Caliciviridae, Lagovirus) causes a highly contagious disease with hepatic necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in several Leporidae species. RHDV2 was first detected in European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) in France in 2010 and has since spread widely. We gather here data on viral detections reported in various countries and affected species, and discuss pathology, genetic differences, and novel diagnostic aspects. RHDV2 has been detected almost globally, with cases reported in Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and North America as of 2023. Since 2020, large scale outbreaks have occurred in the United States and Mexico and, at the same time, cases have been reported for the first time in previously unaffected countries, such as China, Japan, Singapore, and South Africa, among others. Detections have been notified in domestic and wild European rabbits, hares and jackrabbits ( Lepus spp.), several species of cottontail and brush rabbits ( Sylvilagus spp.), pygmy rabbits ( Brachylagus idahoensis), and red rock rabbits ( Pronolagus spp.). RHDV2 has also been detected in a few non-lagomorph species. Detection of RHDV2 causing RHD in Sylvilagus spp. and Leporidae species other than those in the genera Oryctolagus and Lepus is very novel. The global spread of this fast-evolving RNA virus into previously unexploited geographic areas increases the likelihood of host range expansion as new species are exposed; animals may also be infected by nonpathogenic caliciviruses that are disseminated by almost all species, and with which genetic recombination may occur.

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An Epidemic Case of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 （<i>Lagovirus europaeus</i> GI.2） in Tochigi, Japan

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Genetics of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus strains responsible for rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks in Japan between 2000 and 2020

Genetics of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus strains responsible for rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks in Japan between 2000 and 2020

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2, 2010–2023: a review of global detections and affected species

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