An epidemic of acute diarrhoea in rural southern India associated with echovirus type 11 infection

Patel, Jay; Daniel, J.; Mathan, V. I.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400062902

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, only a single viral agent associated gastroenteritis outbreaks have been reported from India [24,35,36,37]. Most of these outbreaks except a few remained to be characterized for the genotypic specificities of causative viral pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Chitambar

Gopalkrishna

Chhabra

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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Faecal specimens collected from two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in southern Mumbai, India in March and October, 2006 were tested for seven different enteric viruses. Among the 218 specimens tested, 95 (43.6%) were positive, 73 (76.8%) for a single virus and 22 (23.2%) for multiple viruses. Single viral infections in both, March and October showed predominance of enterovirus (EV, 33.3% and 40%) and rotavirus A (RVA, 33.3% and 25%). The other viruses detected in these months were norovirus (NoV, 12.1% and 10%), rotavirus B (RVB, 12.1% and 10%), enteric adenovirus (AdV, 6.1% and 7.5%), Aichivirus (AiV, 3% and 7.5%) and human astrovirus (HAstV, 3% and 0%). Mixed viral infections were largely represented by two viruses (84.6% and 88.9%), a small proportion showed presence of three (7.7% and 11%) and four (7.7% and 0%) viruses in the two outbreaks. Genotyping of the viruses revealed predominance of RVA G2P[4], RVB G2 (Indian Bangladeshi lineage), NoV GII.4, AdV-40, HAstV-8 and AiV B types. VP1/2A junction region based genotyping showed presence of 11 different serotypes of EVs. Although no virus was detected in the tested water samples, examination of both water and sewage pipelines in gastroenteritis affected localities indicated leakages and possibility of contamination of drinking water with sewage water. Coexistence of multiple enteric viruses during the two outbreaks of gastroenteritis emphasizes the need to expand such investigations to other parts of India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Chitambar

Gopalkrishna

Chhabra

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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“…HT29 cells were passaged in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 mM glutamine, 100 U of penicillin, and 10 g of streptomycin/ml, and Vero cells were passaged in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Sigma) supplemented with 10% FCS, 100 mM glutamine, 100 U of penicillin, and 10 g of streptomycin/ml. Virus wv207 (EV11-207) was isolated on HT29 cells from a clinical sample as previously described (35).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Structure of a Decay Accelerating Factor-Binding Clinical Isolate of Echovirus 11 Allows Mapping of Mutants with Altered Receptor Requirements for Infection

Stuart

Mckee

Williams

et al. 2002

J Virol

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We have used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of a decay accelerating factor (DAF)-binding, clinic-derived isolate of echovirus 11 (EV11-207). The structures of the capsid proteins closely resemble those of capsid proteins of other picornaviruses. The structure allows us to interpret a series of amino acid changes produced by passaging EV11-207 in different cell lines as highlighting the locations of multiple receptorbinding sites on the virion surface. We suggest that a DAF-binding site is located at the fivefold axes of the virion, while the binding site for a distinct but as yet unidentified receptor is located within the canyon surrounding the virion fivefold axes.

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“…In a few diarrheal patients, bocavirus, torovirus and picobirnavirus have been reported (Jamieson et al, 1998;Jin et al, 2011;Gallimore et al, 1995). A few picornaviruses including enteroviruses have been reported from a small number of sporadic diarrhoeal cases and as part of a few small-scale epidemiological studies (Harada et al, 2009;Harvala and Simmonds, 2009;Holtz et al, 2008Holtz et al, , 2009Nyangao et al, 2006;Kapoor et al, 2008;Patel et al, 1985;Phan et al, 2005;Patil et al, 2009;Yamashita et al, 1993;Rai et al, 2007;Scarcella et al, 2009, Silva et al, 2008, but their association with diarrhoea has not been seriously considered due C Durga Rao to lack of detailed investigations. Further, a great majority of epidemiological studies failed to include enterovirus in the investigations.…”

Section: Non-polio Enteroviruses In Acute Diarrhoeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Polio Enteroviruses, the Neglected and Emerging Human Pathogens:Are we Waiting for the Sizzling Enterovirus Volcano to Erupt?

Rao¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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Enteroviruses consist of a large group of pathogenic viruses, poliovirus being the notorious member. For the last several decades, all the attention and resources were directed towards control and eradication of poliomyelitis in India. There is very little research on non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), the cousins of poliovirus, which are associated with a wide range of diseases, especially in infants and young children. We have established an active research group on NPEVs during the last six years and showed that about 35% of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (NP-AFP) children were positive for NPEV infections, and detected 66 serotypes in NP-AFP children, EV71 being more frequently detected followed by Echovirus 13 and CVB5. Long-term comparative epidemiological studies on NPEVs and rotavirus in acute diarrhoea revealed for the first time, that, NPEV association is as significant as that of rotavirus. A surprising observation was the contrasting seasonal prevalence between enterovus-and rotavirus-associated diarrhoea, the former predominating in non-winter months and the latter occurring primarily in the winter season. NPEVs were associated with epidemics-like outbreaks during which they were detected in up to 50% children with acute diarrhoea. In recent years, enterovirus has been identified to be associated with acute encephalitis cases in Uttar Pradesh. HFMD outbreaks have been reported in recent years, including a major outbreak in Bangalore in 2013. Since, no studies exist in India on the biology of EVs, including HFMD, we have recently initiated work on this emerging disease. Our studies uncover an urgent need for detailed studies on these "so far" neglected and emerging viruses for effective child health management in the country.

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An epidemic of acute diarrhoea in rural southern India associated with echovirus type 11 infection

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Determination of the Structure of a Decay Accelerating Factor-Binding Clinical Isolate of Echovirus 11 Allows Mapping of Mutants with Altered Receptor Requirements for Infection

Non-Polio Enteroviruses, the Neglected and Emerging Human Pathogens:Are we Waiting for the Sizzling Enterovirus Volcano to Erupt?

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