An epidemic of furniture-related dermatitis: searching for a cause

Abstract

Background Sitting in new chairs or sofas has elicited dermatitis in numerous patients in Finland and in the U.K. since autumn 2006. The cause of the dermatitis seemed to be an allergen in the furniture materials. Objectives To determine the cause of the dermatitis in patients with furniture-related dermatitis. Methods Altogether 42 patients with furniture-related dermatitis were studied. First, 14 Finnish patients were patch tested with the standardized series and with the chair textile material. A thin-layer chromatogram (TLC) strip and an extract made from the same textile material were tested in seven Finnish patients. The test positive spot of the TLC and the content of a sachet found inside a sofa in the U.K. were analysed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All chemicals analysed were patch tested in 37 patients. Results A positive patch test reaction to the chair textile and to its extract was seen in all patients tested, one-third of whom had concurrent reactions to acrylates. Positive reactions to the same spot of the TLC strip were seen in five of seven patients and dimethyl fumarate was analysed from the spot as well as from the sachet contents. Dimethyl fumarate (0.01%) elicited positive reactions in all the patients. The other chemicals analysed did not elicit positive reactions, but one patient in the U.K. had a positive reaction to tributyl phosphate. Conclusions Sensitization to dimethyl fumarate was seen in all the patients with furniture-related dermatitis. Concurrent sensitization or cross-reactions were common among the sensitized patients.

A prospective birth cohort study of different risk factors for development of allergic diseases in offspring of non-atopic parents

“…Many studies have also explored the impacts of extrinsic environmental factors on children's allergic disorders. For instance, indoor [8] and outdoor [9] allergens, indoor [10] and outdoor [11] air pollutants, passive smoking [12], food [13], breastfeeding [14], pets [15], furniture fabrics [16], were potentially connected with the development of the offspring's allergic sensitization and diseases. However, the relationships are still unclear.…”

Unsaturated compounds induce up-regulation of CD86 on dendritic cells in the in vitro sensitization assay LCSA

“…Allergic contact dermatitis to fumaric acid is unknown but its ester dimethyl fumarate caused an outbreak of "furniture-related dermatitis" in Europe (Lammintausta et al 2010a, b). Presumably, fumaric acid esters penetrate better through the skin than fumaric acid due to higher lipophilicity.…”

Determination of dimethyl fumarate (DMFu) in silica gel pouches using gas chromatography coupled ion trap mass spectrometry

“…Manufacturers use dimethyl fumarate as biocide to eliminate moulds that may cause deterioration of furniture or leather footwear during storage and freight in humid climates. [1,2] Recently, the strong cutaneous sensitization of DMFu has been demonstrated to be highly hazardous for human health [3,4] as the presence of this compound was found in different manufactured products.…”