An epidemiological analysis of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Kenya, 2016 to 2018

Tesfaye, Brook; Sowe, Alieu; Kisangau, Ngina; Ogange, John; Ntoburi, Stephen; Nekar, Irene; Muitherero, Charles; Camara, Yaya; Gathenji, Carolyne; Langat, Daniel; Sergon, Kibet; Limo, Hilary; Nzunza, Rosemary; Kiptoon, Shem; Kareko, David; Onuekwusi, Iheoma

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05319-6

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our findings also showed that the majority of AFP cases (52%) were in age groups under 5 years. This is in line with findings from previous studies in Kenya, Ghana, Iran, Nigeria, and India [25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Retrospective Analysis of Six Years of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance and Polio Vaccine Coverage Reported by Italy, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Malta, and Greece

et al. 2021

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Here we analyzed six years of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, from 2015 to 2020, of 10 countries linked to the WHO Regional Reference Laboratory, at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy. The analysis also comprises the polio vaccine coverage available (2015–2019) and enterovirus (EV) identification and typing data. Centralized Information System for Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Data Management System databases were used to obtain data on AFP indicators and laboratory performance and countries’ vaccine coverage from 2015 to 2019. EV isolation, identification, and typing were performed by each country according to WHO protocols. Overall, a general AFP underreporting was observed. Non-Polio Enterovirus (NPEV) typing showed a high heterogeneity: over the years, several genotypes of coxsackievirus and echovirus have been identified. The polio vaccine coverage, for the data available, differs among countries. This evaluation allows for the collection, for the first time, of data from the countries of the Balkan area regarding AFP surveillance and polio vaccine coverage. The need, for some countries, to enhance the surveillance systems and to promote the polio vaccine uptake, in order to maintain the polio-free status, is evident.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Retrospective Analysis of Six Years of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance and Polio Vaccine Coverage Reported by Italy, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Malta, and Greece

et al. 2021

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“…Immunization coverage with three or more doses of OPV was 89.2 percent among AFP cases reported. This is in line with prior research (26,30,38). Bosch-Capblanch (33) conducted another investigation that yielded varying results.…”

Section: Afp Surveillance Performance Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…When comparing males and females, our findings found a higher number of males (53.4%) compared to women (46.6%). This finding is consistent with research from Kenya, Ghana, Italy, and Ethiopia (26,27,30,31). It was clear that a large percentage of the reported cases had fever at the onset of paralysis, with paralysis asymmetrically and maximal progression within three days.…”

Section: Afp Surveillance Performance Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It was clear that a large percentage of the reported cases had fever at the onset of paralysis, with paralysis asymmetrically and maximal progression within three days. These findings were likewise similar to those found in Ghana and Kenya (26) but differed from those seen in Turkey (30) where only 15% of AFP cases had a fever at the time of paralysis onset. Our research further supports the differentials of AFP cases based on injection history.…”

Section: Afp Surveillance Performance Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 85%

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An Epidemiological evaluation of Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance performance in Ondo State; 2016-2020

Olaoye

Fatiregun

Opeyemi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Epidemiology and Health Sciences

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Background:The last case of the indigenous Wild Polio Virus in Ondo state was in 2008, and the last Polio compatible case was in 2010. Poliovirus transmission was interrupted through the adherence to the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines, which included acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. We wanted to describe the state's AFP surveillance performance during the last five years, from 2016 to 2020, using WHO-recommended indicators and find areas where it could improve. Methods:Between January 2016 and December 2020, AFP case-based surveillance data was used to undertake a retrospective review of records. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis, and Quantum Geographic Information System was used for mapping (GIS). Results: From 2016 to 2020, a total of 1,096 AFP cases were reported, none of which were confirmed as Poliomyelitis. The majority of the cases (77.2 percent) were found in children under the age of five. Males made up more than half of the cases (53.4%). More than 89 percent of reported cases received three or more OPV doses. Between 2016 and 2020, there was a 79 percent decline in reported cases. Between 2016 and 2020, the average Non-Polio AFP rate was 11.2 per 100,000, with a stool adequacy of 98.4%. Conclusion:AFP surveillance in Ondo state met the minimum WHO targets during the study period, according to the findings. However, because of the possibility of poliovirus being imported from endemic countries, which might threaten Nigeria's polio-free status, the sensitization of all surveillance actors and active case search should be strengthened, particularly in underperforming local government areas (LGAs).

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“…NPEVs are known to be related to AFP and may become more relevant as major causative agents of AFP at the polio eradication stage [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In this study, EV-A71 was the most frequently detected NPEV type and had a significant impact on the overall detection rate of NPEV in the AFP surveillance in Korea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Polio Enteroviruses from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Korea, 2012–2019

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The risk of polio importation and re-emergence persists since epidemic polio still occurs in some countries, and the resurgence of polio occurring almost 20 years after polio eradication was declared in Asia has been reported. We analyzed the results of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Korea to assess the quality of AFP surveillance and understand the etiology of non-polio enterovirus (NPEV)-associated central nervous system diseases in a polio-free area. We investigated 637 AFP patients under 15 years of age whose cases were confirmed during 2012–2019 by virus isolation, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and VP1 gene sequencing. Among the 637 AFP cases, NPEV was detected in 213 (33.4%) patients, with the majority observed in EV-A71, with 54.9% of NPEV positives. EV-A71 has been shown to play a role as a major causative agent in most neurological diseases except for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and meningitis. This study provides information on the AFP surveillance situation in Korea and highlights the polio eradication stage in the monitoring and characterization of NPEV against the outbreak of neurological infectious diseases such as polio.

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An epidemiological analysis of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Kenya, 2016 to 2018

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Retrospective Analysis of Six Years of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance and Polio Vaccine Coverage Reported by Italy, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Malta, and Greece

Retrospective Analysis of Six Years of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance and Polio Vaccine Coverage Reported by Italy, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Malta, and Greece

An Epidemiological evaluation of Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance performance in Ondo State; 2016-2020

Non-Polio Enteroviruses from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Korea, 2012–2019

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