An Epidemiological Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases in Okinawa, Japan.

Kinjo, Kazutoshi; Kimura, Yorio; Shinzato, Yuzuru; Tomori, Masayuki; Komine, Yukihiro; Kawazoe, Nobuyuki; Takishita, Shuichi; Fukiyama, Koshiro; Group, COSMO

doi:10.1291/hypres.15.111

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Incidence of First-ever Stroke and Initial Acute Myocardial Infarction A total of 4,756 stroke cases (2,573 men and 2,183 women) and 1,059 AMI cases (695 men and 364 women) were registered during the 3-yr study period (4). Excluding the cases of transient ischemic attack (120 men and 89 women) and the cases of patients with previous history of stroke and myocardial infarction, the number of cases of first-ever stroke and initial AMI in the study period was 3,644 (1,960 men and 1,684 women) and 898 (587 men and 311 women), respectively (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Long-Term Prognosis of Initial Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Okinawa, Japan.

et al. 2000

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We performed a cross-sectional survey of the incidence of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Okinawa, Japan, with a census population of about 1.2 million. A total of 3,644 cases of first-ever stroke and 898 cases of initial AMI were detected. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of stroke was 105 per 100,000 of the standard population of Japan based on census population taken in 1985, and that of AMI was 26 per 100,000. The case-fatality rate of stroke within 28 days of onset was 12.8%, and that of AMI was 22.2%. Of the stroke cases, 51.4% were diagnosed as brain infarctions, 38.7% as brain hemorrhages, and 9.3% as subarachnoid hemorrhages.The diagnoses of stroke subtypes were confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in 98.4% of all stroke cases. The long-term prognosis of patients with stroke and AMI was studied by examining their 10-yr survival rates (follow-up rate 89.8%). The cumulative survival rate was 38.2% in brain infarction cases, 40.4% in brain hemorrhage cases, and 38.2% in AMI cases. The 50% reduction of survival had occurred at 2,880 days after onset in brain infarction cases, at 2,764 days in brain hemorrhage cases, and at 2,658 days in AMI cases. In Okinawa, the incidence rate of AMI was still considerably lower than that in the Western population, and the rate of stroke was similar to that in the Western population. The ten-year survival rates were quite similar in AMI and stroke, and both were unexpectedly high. (Hypertens Res 2000; 23:127-135)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Long-Term Prognosis of Initial Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Okinawa, Japan.

et al. 2000

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“…4 During the first half of that observation period, the crude incidence rate of cerebral bleeding was 1.7 per 1000 persons per year, while during the latter half it decreased to 1.2 per 1000 persons per year, which was similar to that observed in Okinawa from 1988 to 1990. 15 The incidence of sudden death also decreased in Hisayama during the latter half of the observation period. 4 Therefore, the apparently higher incidence rate of sudden death in Hisayama may be at least partly due to the high incidence of cerebral bleeding.…”

Section: Incidence Of Sudden Deathmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…On the other hand, the incidence rate of stroke in Okinawa was 105 per 100,000, which was similar to those in other countries. 15 The smaller percentage of cardiac disease as the cause of sudden death may at least partly reflect the lower incidence of myocardial infarction in Japan.…”

Section: Cause Of Sudden Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Death in the General Population in Okinawa

et al. 1999

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“…Data from three independent registries covering the entire area of Okinawa were accessed: the ESRD program (5), the screening program of the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association (OGHMA) (6 -11), and the hospital-based registry of stroke and AMI (3). The start date of chronic dialysis was used as the date of onset of ESRD in individual patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Okinawa Screening Program

Iseki¹

2003

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Abstract. Predictors of ESRD were identified using independent registries of both ESRD patients and the general population in Okinawa, Japan. Besides male gender, we found that the significant predictors of ESRD to be proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension, especially diastolic BP. Among the laboratory findings, a high serum creatinine level was shown to be a strong predictor of ESRD. The effects of age, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were insignificant, but this needs to be confirmed in a larger cohort and other registries.The number of ESRD patients requiring chronic dialysis is increasing worldwide. In Japan, a high incidence and prevalence of ESRD has been reported in Okinawa, the island prefecture in the southernmost part of the country (1,2). Since 1971, all chronic dialysis patients treated in Okinawa from the start of therapy have been entered into a registry, and the ESRD trends over the past 30 yr have recently been published (1). For geographic and cultural reasons, ESRD patients in Okinawa tend not to move away (3,4). Therefore, Okinawa provides a good population in which to study the outcomes of ESRD and cardiovascular disease (3,4). Understanding the process of disease progression is necessary in determining strategies for the prevention of ESRD.We are fortunate to have access to independent registries for ESRD patients (5), the general population (6,7), and all hospital-based records of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (3) in Okinawa. In this paper, we have identified predictors for ESRD using these registries. Materials and Methods Study DesignData from three independent registries covering the entire area of Okinawa were accessed: the ESRD program (5), the screening program of the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association (OGHMA) (6 -11), and the hospital-based registry of stroke and AMI (3). The start date of chronic dialysis was used as the date of onset of ESRD in individual patients. The 1983 screening participants and the individuals who had become dialysis patients from April 1983 to March 1994 were identified by using the dialysis registry, which covers the entire geographic area. The identities of these dialysis patients were verified by reviewing their medical charts in the dialysis units. ESRD Patient RegistryAll chronic dialysis patients who survive at least 1 mo on scheduled dialysis are included in the Okinawa Dialysis Study (OKIDS) registry.Patients dying within 1 mo from the start of dialysis are not included in the registry because it cannot be determined whether renal function in these patients has been improving or deteriorating or whether other medical conditions accounted for their rapid demise. Pertinent clinical data were obtained for all new dialysis patients, and important medical events recorded in the files of chronic dialysis patients were noted. Data were obtained under collaboration with physicians in all dialysis units. In 1990, there were 27 dialysis units in Okinawa; by the end of 2000, there were 46: nine in the public sector, 17 in private ...

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An Epidemiological Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases in Okinawa, Japan.

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Incidence and Long-Term Prognosis of Initial Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Okinawa, Japan.

Incidence and Long-Term Prognosis of Initial Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Okinawa, Japan.

Sudden Death in the General Population in Okinawa

The Okinawa Screening Program

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