An Epidemiological Assessment of Water Quality and "Swimmer’s Ear"

Calderon, Rebecca L.; Mood, Eric W.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1982.10667583

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The causative organisms are present in most swimming pools and hot tubs; however, even those that comply with water quality standards may still contain AOE pathogens. [28][29][30][31] In addition, these organisms are present in the healthy external auditory canal, and thus the external auditory canal may be a source of AOE. 32 Some individuals appear more susceptible to AOE on a genetic basis (those with type A blood group).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute Otitis Externa

Rosenfeld

Schwartz

Cannon

et al. 2014

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

134

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Objective. This clinical practice guideline is an update and replacement for an earlier guideline published in 2006 by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. This update provides evidence-based recommendations to manage acute otitis externa (AOE), defined as diffuse inflammation of the external ear canal, which may also involve the pinna or tympanic membrane. The variations in management of AOE and the importance of accurate diagnosis suggest a need for updating the clinical practice guideline. The primary outcome considered in this guideline is clinical resolution of AOE.Purpose. The primary purpose of the original guideline was to promote appropriate use of oral and topical antimicrobials for AOE and to highlight the need for adequate pain relief. An updated guideline is needed because of new clinical trials, new systematic reviews, and the lack of consumer participation in the initial guideline development group. The target patient is aged 2 years or older with diffuse AOE. Differential diagnosis will be discussed, but recommendations for management will be limited to diffuse AOE, which is almost exclusively a bacterial infection. This guideline is intended for primary care and specialist clinicians, including otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, pediatricians, family physicians, emergency physicians, internists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. This guideline is applicable in any setting in which patients with diffuse AOE would be identified, monitored, or managed.Action Statements. The development group made strong recommendations that (1) clinicians should assess patients with AOE for pain and recommend analgesic treatment based on the severity of pain and (2) clinicians should not prescribe systemic antimicrobials as initial therapy for diffuse, uncomplicated AOE unless there is extension outside the ear canal or the presence of specific host factors that would indicate a need for systemic therapy. The development group made recommendations that (1) clinicians should distinguish diffuse AOE from other causes of otalgia, otorrhea, and inflammation of the external ear canal; (2) clinicians should assess the patient with diffuse AOE for factors that modify management (nonintact tympanic membrane, tympanostomy tube, diabetes, immunocompromised state, prior radiotherapy); (3) clinicians should prescribe topical preparations for initial therapy of diffuse, uncomplicated AOE; (4) clinicians should enhance the delivery of topical drops by informing the patient how to administer topical drops and by performing aural toilet, placing a wick, or both, when the ear canal is obstructed; (5) clinicians should prescribe a non-ototoxic preparation when the patient has a known or suspected perforation of the tympanic membrane, including a tympanostomy tube; and (6) clinicians should reassess the patient who fails to respond to the initial therapeutic option within 48 to 72 hours to confirm the diagnosis of diffuse AOE and to exclude other causes of illness. Keyw...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute Otitis Externa

Rosenfeld

Schwartz

Cannon

et al. 2014

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

134

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“…Diagnosis of AOE is based on symptoms, signs, and microbial findings. It is mostly caused by bacteria and triggered by 12,13 moisture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Polymyxin B, Neomycin and Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Otitis Externa at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu

Gupta¹,

Aryal

2017

Birat J. Health Sci.

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IntroductionAcute otitis externa (AOE) is a common but preventable ear condition. Tenderness with movement of the tragus or pinna is a classic feature of otitis Externa. Polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone preparations are the choice for first-line therapy when the tympanic membrane is intact. This study atiempted to compare the efficacy of polymyxin B, neomycin and polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone in the treatment of otitis Externa.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of polymyxin B, neomycin and polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone in the treatment of otitis Externa.MethodologyTo evaluate the efficacy of polymyxin B, neomycin and polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone in the treatment of otitis Externa, a hospital based, randomized, prospective study was conducted in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Atiarkhel, Kathmandu from August 2012 to May 2014. 70 outpatients suffering from otitis Externa who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Patients were randomized into group A and group B with lotiery system. Odd number patients were included in group A and even number patients in group B. Group A patients received pack soaked with ribbon gauge in polymyxin B, neomycin ointment and Group B patients received pack soaked with ribbon gauge in polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone ointment. The patients were called for follow up after 48 hours and 96 hours to assess the improvement on the basis of tragal and circumduction tenderness either present or absent (present 1 or absent 2). A decrease in the clinical signs and symptoms (i.e. tragal and circumduc_on tenderness) was noted. Absence of pain was considered as clinically cured.ResultsIn comparison to polymyxin B, neomycin group, hydrocortisone group exhibited statistically significant effectiveness after 48 hours of treatment (p<0.05), but in cure rates after 96 hours, no statistical significant difference was observed between two groups (p>0.05).ConclusionPolymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone group showed higher and faster cure rates than polymyxin B, neomycin group in the treatment of otitis Externa at 48 hours follow up. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 162-167

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“…Decorre da valorização das radiografias simples das cavidades paranasais, realizadas em um grande contingente de crianças equivocadamente diagnosticadas como portadoras de sinusite aguda (ver comprovação diagnóstica) 3 . Em princípio, só devemos aceitar variações maiores quanto à incidência e à prevalên-cia das sinusites apenas quando as populações ou amostras das pesquisas forem diversas quanto à faixa etária e à presença de outros fatores de risco [58][59][60][61][62] .…”

Section: Aspectos Epidemiológicosunclassified

“…As infecções bacterianas primárias são pouco freqüen-tes, geralmente decorrentes de mergulho em água contaminada de piscinas 41,58 . Nessa circunstância, enterobactérias gram negativas originam quadros de intensa inflamação local, muitas vezes com repercussão sistêmica.…”

Section: Fisiologia E Fisiopatologia Das Cavidades Paranasaisunclassified

“…Esses fármacos bem como outros-cefalosporinas de terceira geração e macrolídeos -, não obtêm resultados terapêuticos superiores no tratamento da sinusite aguda complicada (90% de eficá-cia) 24,28,87 . Fazem exceção algumas infecções por bacté-rias resistentes à amoxicilina 41,58 . Esse aspecto é interessante, pois embora os antibióticos mais recentes tenham um perfil de atuação melhor nos estudos in vitro, isso não é observável nos ensaios terapêuticos comparativos 23,24 .…”

Section: Diagnóstico E Conduta Nas Sinusites Agudasunclassified

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Diagnosis and therapeutic management of sinusitis in children

Ejzenberg¹,

Sih²,

Haetinger³

1999

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivo: Revisar os principais aspectos relativos a diagnóstico e conduta frente à suspeita de sinusite em crianças, segundo a literatura pertinente.Método: Levantamento bibliográfico.Resultado: São estabelecidos critérios de suspeita clínica da patologia, de indicação de exames microbiológicos e radiográficos, assim como da abordagem medicamentosa e cirúrgica para as diferentes situações clínicas em que a sinusite é diagnosticada.Conclusões: A padronização de condutas clínicas frente à sinusite da criança permite uma otimização na suspeita, no diagnós-tico, na solicitação de exames comprovatórios assim como na utilização de antimicrobianos e outros fármacos e na cirurgia em casos selecionados. AbstractObjective: The authors review the main aspects related to the diagnosis and management of sinusitis in children, according to the medical literature.Methods: Literature review.Results: Clinical criteria, microbiology, image diagnosis, medical and surgical management are presented, whenever sinusitis is considered.Conclusions: The standardization of the clinical approach in children's sinusitis allows optimization of the diagnosis and the appropriate subsidiary exams, as well the correct use of antimicrobials and others drugs, or surgery in selected cases. IntroduçãoAs sinusites constituem, dentro das doenças da via aérea superior, um grupo peculiar, de difícil comprovação, avaliação fisiopatológica e etiológica e, conseqüente-mente, um problema para uma adequada intervenção terapêutica 1,2 . Diferentemente das doenças da cavidade oral e da orelha média, as cavidades paranasais não podem ser observadas diretamente ao exame físico 3-5 . A coleta de material local para exame, tão recomendada para comprovação de infecções faríngeas, também não é realizável rotineiramente 4 . A avaliação causal também é difícil, pois diferentes agentes químicos (partículas de combustão, gases, pólen) e infecciosos podem originar inflamação sinusal [6][7][8] . Muitas vezes esses agravos são simultâneos ou seqüenciais, como as infecções bacterianas que se associam a inflamações rinossinusais alérgicas ou virais 8 . Além dessas dificuldades iniciais na avaliação das sinusites, há também outras durante a evolução do quadro, em que são também limitadas as possibilidades de avaliação da resolução/agravamento da inflamação local, esterilização da cavidade e mucosa, assim como reconhecimento dos casos com retenção de secreções sinusais (obstrução ostial) 9-11 . Esse conjunto de incertezas tem se prestado a interpretações diversas quanto à ocorrência das sinusites e ao estabelecimento de critérios diagnósticos e terapêuti-cos [12][13][14] .Por todos esses motivos, as sinusites estão há décadas no centro dos debates pediátricos, otorrinolaringológicos, e radiológicos, recentemente reavivados [15][16][17][18] . Isso decorreu da preocupação com a progressiva resistência antibiótica das bactérias, em que um significativo fator implica-

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An Epidemiological Assessment of Water Quality and "Swimmer’s Ear"

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute Otitis Externa

Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute Otitis Externa

A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Polymyxin B, Neomycin and Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Otitis Externa at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu

Diagnosis and therapeutic management of sinusitis in children

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