An epidemiological survey of Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid in Akita Prefecture as a model region in Japan

Abstract

In epidemiological surveys on Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) in various chrysanthemums cultivated in Akita Prefecture, Japan, in 2002-2005, approximately 20% of cultivars harbored CChMVd, including more symptomatic types than nonsymptomatic. Large-flowered cultivars were less frequently infected than small-flowered and spray types.

A Current Overview of Two Viroids That Infect Chrysanthemums: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid

“…A previous study had detected CChMVd infections in various chrysanthemums grown for three years in Akita Prefecture, revealing that 20% of chrysanthemums were infected with CChMVd [51]. In natural conditions, chrysanthemums that were only infected with CChMVd variants with the UUUC tetraloop did not show any noticeable disease symptoms [51]. In this case, light and temperature may interfere with symptoms induced by variants containing the symptomatic domain.…”

“…These symptoms were caused by CChMVd variants containing a UUUC tetraloop (Figure 1b) [50], a structural domain already identified as a specific CChMVd pathogenic determinant [26]. A previous study had detected CChMVd infections in various chrysanthemums grown for three years in Akita Prefecture, revealing that 20% of chrysanthemums were infected with CChMVd [51]. In natural conditions, chrysanthemums that were only infected with CChMVd variants with the UUUC tetraloop did not show any noticeable disease symptoms [51].…”

Chrysanthemum Chlorotic Mottle Viroid-Mediated Trafficking of Foreign mRNA into Chloroplasts

“…CChMVd can also give a symptomless infection, depending on sequence variants and the chrysanthemum cultivar (Chung et al, 2006;Yamamoto and Sano, 2006). Due largely to the low titer of CChMVd in infected plants, the molecular biology of its interactions with its host have not been as well-studied as for other viroid members of the family Avsunviroidae, which include avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd), eggplant latent viroid (ELVd) and peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) (Ding, 2009;Flores et al, 2005Flores et al, , 2014Palukaitis, 2014).…”