An Epistatic Genetic Basis for Fluctuating Asymmetry of Mandible Size in Mice

Leamy, Larry J.; Routman, Eric J.; Cheverud, James M.

doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01373.x

Cited by 78 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The overall-size of every individual wing was estimated by its centroid size of its landmarks configuration (Leamy et al 2002). A one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to the mean centroid size of (r + l) wing to test for differences in mean wing size among the parental populations and the F1, F2 and F3 generations in each hybridization line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of genetic parental distance on developmental stability and fitness in Drosophila buzzatii

et al. 2007

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Measures of genetic parental distances (GPD) based on microsatellite loci (D(2) and IR), have been suggested to be better correlated with fitness than individual heterozygosity (H), as they contain information about past events of inbreeding or admixture. We investigated if GPD increased with increasing genetic divergence between parental populations in Drosophila buzzatii and if the measures indicate past events of admixture. Further we evaluated the relationship between GPD, fitness and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of size and shape. We investigated three populations of Drosophila buzzati, from Argentina, Europe and Australia. From these populations two intraspecific hybridisation lines were made; one between the Argentinean and European populations, which have been separated 200 years and one between the populations from Argentina and Australia, which have been separated 80 years. By doing this we obtained hybrid progeny having different levels of GPD. We found that D(2) and H can be used as indicators of admixture when comparing hybrid individuals with their parentals. IR was not informative. Our results does not exclude the presence of genetic fitness correlations (GFC) over individuals with a broad fitness range from populations in equilibrium, but we doubt the presence of GFC using GPD measures in admixed populations. Shape FA could be a relevant measure for fitness, however, only when comparing populations, not at individual level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean of (r + l) wing centroid size was used as measure of size (Leamy, Routman and Cheverud 2002). Significant correlations, after Bonferroni correction, between mean (r + l) centroid size and shape FA were found in only one case showing a significant negative linear relationship in the Bulla population (r = 0.34, n = 38, P \ 0.05).…”

Section: Fa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of genetic parental distance on developmental stability and fitness in Drosophila buzzatii

et al. 2007

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“…Increased variance found in hybrids has often been attributed to a breakdown of these co-adapted gene complexes. However, epistatic gene interactions have been found to affect FA of centroid size in inbred mouse mandibles (Leamy et al 2002). Therefore, while epistasis may potentially reduce phenotypic variability, it has also been associated with increased variability in mouse mandibles.…”

Section: Processes At the Genetic Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variability: Its Components, Measurement and Underlying Developmental Processes

2007

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Variability contrasts with variation in that variability describes the potential for variation, not simply the expressed variation. The power of studying variability lies in creating a conceptual framework around which the relationship between the genotype and phenotype can be understood. Here, we attempt to demonstrate the importance of phenotypic variability, how it structures variation, and how fundamental developmental processes structure variability. Given the broad scope of this topic, we focus on three widely studied properties of variability: canalization, developmental stability and morphological integration. We have organized the paper to emphasize the importance of differentiating between the theory surrounding these components of phenotypic variability, their measurement and the biological factors surrounding their expression. First, we define these properties of variability, how they relate to each other and to variability as a whole. Second, we summarize the common methods of measurement for canalization, developmental stability and morphological integration and the reasoning behind these methods. Finally, we focus on jaw development as an example of how the basic processes of development affect variability and the resultant variation, with emphasis on how processes at all levels of the organismal hierarchy interact with one another and contribute to phenotypic variability.

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“…As a measure of phenotypic variance (r 2 p) we used the variance of the centroid sizes, as centroid size provides a very useful measure of overall size (Leamy et al 2002). To test for pair-wise differences in r 2 p in each hybrid line an F-test was applied.…”

Section: Morphological Measurements and Fecunditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence at neutral and non-neutral loci in Drosophila buzzatii populations and their hybrids

et al. 2007

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The impact of intraspecific hybridisation on fitness and morphological traits depends on the history of natural selection and genetic drift, which may have led to differently coadapted gene-complexes in the parental populations. The divergence at neutral and non-neutral loci between populations can be evaluated by estimating F ST and Q ST respectively, and hence give an estimate of drift and selection in the populations. Here we investigate (1) whether divergence between populations in quantitative traits (wing size and shape) can be attributed to selection or drift alone, (2) The impact of intraspecific hybridisation on estimators for divergence at neutral (F ST ) and non-neutral loci (Q ST ) in hybrids, (3) If measurement of shape is more informative than size in order to detect divergence in quantitative traits between populations. The aims were addressed by performing two hybridisations between three populations of Drosophila buzzatii, one between populations from Argentina and the Canary Islands (separated for 200 years), and the other between populations from Argentina and Australia (separated for 80 years). We observed the highest divergence at neutral loci between the Argentinean and Canary Island populations, but highest morphological divergence between the Argentinean and Australian populations, indicating that natural selection is acting on the wings. Divergence based on Q ST measures in the hybrids was sensitive towards increased phenotypic variance (r 2 p) within groups and should be used with care when r 2 p of populations differ. Our results indicate that measures of shape give a better estimate of divergence at the underlying quantitative traits loci than measures of size.

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An Epistatic Genetic Basis for Fluctuating Asymmetry of Mandible Size in Mice

Cited by 78 publications

References 49 publications

The impact of genetic parental distance on developmental stability and fitness in Drosophila buzzatii

The impact of genetic parental distance on developmental stability and fitness in Drosophila buzzatii

Phenotypic Variability: Its Components, Measurement and Underlying Developmental Processes

Divergence at neutral and non-neutral loci in Drosophila buzzatii populations and their hybrids

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