An equation to estimate the renal cortex volume in chronic kidney disease patients

Nakazato, Takashi; Ikehira, Hiroo; Imasawa, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1007/s10157-017-1492-8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This value is consistent with, although somewhat lower than previous reports of cortical volume of approximately 90 to 120 cm 3 per kidney 3,4,7 . Previous studies have shown that a range of factors influence cortical volume including age, gender, renal function, diabetes, hypertension, body size, and renal morphological parameters 3,4,6,7,13,14 . In this study, we tried to produce a model by applying these factors as candidate explanatory variables for cortical volume.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We therefore concluded that eGFR is applicable to one of the models for estimating cortical volume. Second, both body height and body weight are reported as factors related to cortical volume 3 . The present findings confirmed these relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renal cortical volume has previously been used as a surrogate measure of renal function 1–3 . Recent studies have reported a method for measuring cortical volume using images of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) 4–8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of nephron number in living humans by combining unenhanced computed tomography with biopsy-based stereology

Sasaki

Tsuboi

Okabayashi

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Methods for estimating nephron number in a clinical setting may be useful for predicting renal outcomes. This study aimed to establish such a method using unenhanced computed tomography (CT) and biopsy-based stereology. Patients or living kidney donors simultaneously subjected to enhanced and unenhanced CT examinations were randomly assigned to development and validation groups. The enhanced CT-measured arterial phase and the venous phase images of kidneys were regarded as the true values for cortical volume and parenchymal volume, respectively. Linear multiple regression analysis was used to create models for estimating cortical volume using explanatory variables including unenhanced CT-measured parenchymal volume. Nephron number was determined as the product of cortical volume and the glomerular density in biopsies of donors. Five equations for estimating cortical volume were created and verified. In donors, estimated nephron number by unenhanced CT was consistent with that by enhanced CT, with minimal errors in all models (636–655 ± 210–219 vs. 648 ± 224 × 103/kidney). Clinical characteristics combined with parenchymal volume did not improve the equation over parenchymal volume alone. These results support the feasibility of estimating nephron number by a combination of unenhanced CT and biopsy-based stereology, with a possible application for renal disease patients who are often not suitable for contrast media.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of nephron number in living humans by combining unenhanced computed tomography with biopsy-based stereology

Sasaki

Tsuboi

Okabayashi

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Changes in renal cortex volume is mentioned to be a risk factor in CKD and may be a prognostic factor (Wang et al, ; Woodard et al, ). In this respect, cortical volume can be measured by enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound, and has been suggested for evaluation of kidney function in patients (Nakazato et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cat Kidney Glomeruli and Tubules Evaluated by Design‐Based Stereology

Sadeghinezhad

Nyengaard

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Renal function is related to its structure and three‐dimensional structural parameters correlate better with the kidney function than two‐dimensional structural parameters. Stereology is the current gold‐standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney of the cat using design‐based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the cat as a translational model in nephrology and provide basic findings for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in this species. Left kidneys of four cats were included in the present study. The kidney volume, volume fraction of cortex and medulla, glomerular volume, glomerular mean volume, glomerular number, and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) length were estimated. The kidney volume was estimated to 11.4 ± 1.3 cm3. The volume fraction of cortex and medulla was 65.6 ± 2% and 34.2 ± 2%, respectively. The total number of glomeruli was estimated to be 186 ± 11 × 103 using the physical disector/fractionator method. The mean glomerular volume was estimated to be 1.54 ± 0.06 × 106 μm3 and the glomerular volume was covering 2.13 ± 0.34% of the whole kidney. The total length of PCT and DCT was estimated to be 2.26 ± 0.48 km and 505 ± 43 m, respectively. Our data might contribute to the knowledge of kidneys in mammals and provide a comparison with available data on human and other mammals. Anat Rec, 302:1846–1854, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy

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“…Furthermore, we also estimated the cortical volume using the formula by Nakazato, Ikehira & Imasawa (2017) as previously described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The number of nephrons in different glomerular diseases

Viggiano

Nigro²,

Sessa

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Background The total number of nephrons has been measured mainly from post-mortem studies and only in selected populations. Data from living subjects are scanty, and direct comparisons among different glomerular diseases are lacking. The present work exploits modern methodology to estimate the total nephron number in glomerulopathies with prevalent proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome versus glomerulopathies with nephritic syndrome (IgA nephropathy (IgAN), lupus nephritis), thus extending previous observations about the number and function of glomeruli in different physiological and pathological states. Methods This is a retrospective study based on one hundred and seven patients who have undergone renal biopsy. The glomerular density has been estimated from the biopsy specimens and the total cortical volume has been obtained from ultrasound recordings. Stereological methods have been applied to calculate the total number of nephrons and their volume. The correlation between clinical parameters and quantitative morphological data have studied using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results The total number of nephrons inversely correlated with the systolic blood pressure (r = −0.4, p < 0.05). In proteinuric diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy (MN) and diabetes, the change in estimated GFR (eGFR) directly correlated with the total number of non-sclerotic glomeruli (NSG) (r = 0.62, p < 0.01), whereas in nephritic syndrome no significant correlation was observed. The alterations in eGFR occurring in nephritic syndromes such as IgAN cannot be explained on the basis of the number of NSG. Discussion The fusion of the podocyte foot-processes that typically occurs in purely proteinuric diseases does not modify the glomerular filtration rate: therefore in these situations, the change in eGFR depends mainly on the number of available glomeruli. On the other side, the eGFR decrease occurring in nephritic syndromes, such as IgAN, cannot be explained simply on the basis of the number of NSG and likely depends on the substantial involvement of the mesangial axis. Future studies should verify whether these changes are reversible with appropriate therapy, thus reversing eGFR decrease.

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An equation to estimate the renal cortex volume in chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract: This study provided a new method for estimating the renal cortex volume in day-to-day clinical practice.

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Estimation of nephron number in living humans by combining unenhanced computed tomography with biopsy-based stereology

Estimation of nephron number in living humans by combining unenhanced computed tomography with biopsy-based stereology

Cat Kidney Glomeruli and Tubules Evaluated by Design‐Based Stereology

The number of nephrons in different glomerular diseases

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