An ESEM in situ investigation of initial stages of the KCl induced high temperature corrosion of a Fe–2.25Cr–1Mo steel at 400 °C

Jonsson, Torbjörn; Folkeson, Nicklas; Svensson, Jan‐Erik; Johansson, Lars‐Gunnar; Halvarsson, Mats

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2011.03.007

Cited by 77 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While the surface between the salt particles appears to be free from KCl, it was shown previously [17,20] that small amounts of KCl were present also in these areas. The alumina scales formed during 1 h pre-oxidation at 900°C failed during the first corrosion exposure (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

et al. 2015

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The KCl-induced corrosion of the FeCrAl alloy Kanthal Ò APMT in an O 2 ? N 2 ? H 2 O environment was studied at 600°C. The samples were pre-oxidized prior to exposure in order to investigate the protective nature of alumina scales in the present environment. The microstructure and composition of the corroded surface was investigated in detail. Corrosion started at flaws in the pre-formed a-alumina scales, i.e. a-alumina was protective in itself. Consequently, KCl-induced corrosion started locally and, subsequently, spread laterally. An electrochemical mechanism is proposed here by which a transition metal chloride forms in the alloy and K 2 CrO 4 forms at the scale/gas interface. Scale de-cohesion is attributed to the formation of a sub-scale transition metal chloride.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

et al. 2015

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“…Simplified laboratory-scale corrosion studies using synthetic deposits (KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, etc. ), and in some cases, under HCl-or H2O-containing gaseous atmospheres, have revealed the respective roles of K and Cl in initiating and catalyzing the corrosion of alloys under oxidizing conditions [4,5,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The results from characterization of corrosion products from most of these laboratory studies point towards an active oxidation type of mechanism.…”

Section: High Temperature Corrosion Under Laboratory Conditions Simulmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The catastrophic corrosion observed is frequently explained by the active oxidation mechanism catalyzed by Cl [2,17,18,38]. Initiation and sustaining mechanisms for the corrosion process are still being discussed in literature [22,27,30,38,39]. For Cr-containing alloys under oxidizing conditions, the K-induced breakaway corrosion of the initial protective Cr2O3 layer has been reported as the initiation process (equation 1) [5,21,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Temperature Corrosion under Laboratory Conditions Simulating Biomass-Firing: A Comprehensive Characterization of Corrosion Products

Okoro¹,

Montgomery²,

Frandsen³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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An austenitic stainless steel (TP 347H FG) was coated with a synthetic deposit and exposed, under laboratory conditions simulating straw-firing at 560 °C, for 1 week. Microscopic, diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques were employed for cross-sectional and plan view “top-down” microstructural characterization of the corrosion products. The corrosion products consisted of three layers: (i) the outermost layer consists of a mixed layer of K2SO4 and Fe x O y on a partly molten layer of the initial deposit, (ii) the middle layer consists of spinel (FeCr2O4) and Fe2O3, and (iii) the innermost layer is a sponge-like Ni3S2-containing layer. At the corrosion front, Cl-rich protrusions were observed. Results indicate that selective corrosion of Fe and Cr by Cl, active oxidation, and sulfidation attack of Ni are possible corrosion mechanisms.

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“…Laboratory investigations have shown that the alkali earth metal plays a role in the initial corrosion process [8,10,[14][15][16][17]. Such studies indicate that a protective Cr2O3 layer cannot be formed on high Cr-alloyed steels due to the formation of K2CrO4 which leads to the formation of a Fe-rich porous oxide.…”

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Effect of Water Vapor on High-Temperature Corrosion under Conditions Mimicking Biomass Firing

Okoro¹,

Montgomery²,

Frandsen³

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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The variable flue gas composition in biomass-fired plants, among other parameters, contributes to the complexity of high-temperature corrosion of materials. Systematic parameter studies are thus necessary to understand the underlying corrosion mechanisms. This paper investigates the effect of water (H 2 O) vapor content in the flue gas on the high-temperature corrosion of austenitic stainless steel (TP 347H FG) under laboratory conditions, to improve the understanding of corrosion mechanisms. Deposit-coated and deposit-free samples were isothermally exposed for 72 h in a synthetic flue gas atmosphere containing either 3 or 13 vol % H 2 O vapor. Comprehensive characterization of the corrosion products was carried out by the complementary use of microscopic, spectroscopic, and diffraction-based techniques. To evaluate the effect of the exposure time, results were compared to previous results with longer isothermal exposure over 168 h and indicated that the development of a Ni-rich layer as a result of selective attack was time-dependent. The increase in the water vapor decreased the measurable corrosion attack, and in addition, decreased sulfation was observed. Results from the current investigation and from previously reported findings suggest that an increase in the water vapor content will cause competitive adsorption on active sites.

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An ESEM in situ investigation of initial stages of the KCl induced high temperature corrosion of a Fe–2.25Cr–1Mo steel at 400 °C

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl

High Temperature Corrosion under Laboratory Conditions Simulating Biomass-Firing: A Comprehensive Characterization of Corrosion Products

Effect of Water Vapor on High-Temperature Corrosion under Conditions Mimicking Biomass Firing

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