An Essay on Schizophrenia and Science

Grinker, Roy R.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740130003001

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It should be made clear that these temporary schizophrenic reactions were only one type of reaction to combat stress, since phobias, hysterical symptoms, somatic disturbances, and depression were all observed by the authors. Grinker (1969) described anxiety as a powerful disrupter of cognitive functions as well as an initiator of defensive maneuvers. He added that speculation about the position of anxiety in a cause and effect sequence is very much complicated by the fact that anxiety is often both a cause and an effect of schizophrenic processes.…”

Section: Anxiety-reduction Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety, arousal, and schizophrenia: A theoretical integration.

Lapidus¹,

Schmolling²

1975

Psychological Bulletin

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The authors present an integration of theories concerned with the impact of anxiety, drive, and arousal on schizophrenic processes. They examine (a) anxiety reduction theories, (b) one-factor arousal theories, and (c) twofactor arousal theories. The evidence suggests that it is necessary to consider more than one arousal system to account for schizophrenic disorganization. It is proposed that the physiological correlate of the acute schizophrenic state is a divergence among arousal systems which were formerly in equilibrium. Proposals for future research are suggested in the following areas: (a) Arousal measures in groups and the same schizophrenics in acute, worsened, or recovered conditions; (b) tonic and limbic arousal and relationships, thought organization, premorbid history, diagnosis and clinical course; and (c) experimental measures of clinical anxiety and mood, attention, ego functions, and neurophysiological responses in normals, neurotics, and schizophrenics.

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Section: Anxiety-reduction Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety, arousal, and schizophrenia: A theoretical integration.

Lapidus¹,

Schmolling²

1975

Psychological Bulletin

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“…24 He was better able to adapt to the changing intellectual climate in the late 1950s and 1960s than Cobb was, and he joined Menninger in the ‘assimilationist’ school of psychoanalytic reformers (Plant, 2005). Grinker’s (1969) review of schizophrenia acknowledged a neuropathological dimension to schizophrenia and noted that the search for morphological changes had been superseded by searches for chemical abnormalities.…”

Section: Relationships Between Neurology and Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stanley Cobb, the Rockefeller Foundation and the evolution of American psychiatry

Snodgrass

2018

Hist Psychiatry

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Stanley Cobb founded the Harvard Departments of Neurology (1925) and Psychiatry (1934) with Rockefeller Foundation funding. Cobb was an important transitional figure in both neurology and psychiatry. He and his friend Alan Gregg were the most visible parts of the Rockefeller Foundation psychiatry project, which prepared American psychiatry for the rapid growth of psychiatric research after World War II. Edward Shorter called him the founder of American biological psychiatry, but this misunderstands Cobb and the Hegelian evolution of twentieth-century American psychiatry. I review the major role of the Rockefeller Foundation in the evolution of American academic psychiatry and the disappearance of Cobb's teaching and that of his mentor Adolf Meyer, a founding father of American academic psychiatry.

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“…Unfortunately, attempts to label the totality, a need dimly perceived by some, have resulted in the coining of portmanteau words like "biopsychosociology," too awkward for easy acceptance. Such terms imply a conglomerate of disciplines, not the dynamic synthesis Grinker (1969) intended.…”

Section: American a Nthr Opologistmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Humanics: Multidisciplinary Renaissance of General Anthropology

Chapple

1978

American Anthropologist

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Discussions o f the scope and proper definition o f anthropology make it worthwhile to outline why and how anthropology can be treated as a natural (and exact) science. The paper describes its multidisciplinary components and how the deterministic properties of biological individuality and the probabilistic constraints o f the cultural dimensions can be brought together. Such a synthesis enables us t o treat values within a biological framework and suggests the old term "humanics" for the multidisciplinary nexus. [anthropological biology, humanics, multidisciplinary synthesis, interaction measurement, behavioral biology ] IN THE SEARCH for a solution to the ambiguities in the use of the term anthropology there is a continuing dilemma for those who take refuge in metaphysical constraints, most recently A. N. Whitehead's "onward and upward" evolutionism used by J. W. Bennett (1976) in his paper, "Anticipation, Adaptation, and the Concept of Culture in Anthropology." This is intended to bridge the presumed gulf between natural science and culturalistic phenomena t o be seen in anthropology, the social and historical disciplines, and, for that matter, in literature and the humanistic studies. Even my own adoption of the term anthropological biology, i.e., the general biology of individual human beings and their relations to one another in the exact science sense (not a substitute term for biological or physical anthropology), is not sufficiently explicit.The difficulty is that most biologists, in departments of biology at least, rarely include man as part of the animal kingdom. Medical biologists, on the other hand, are too much concerned with disease and particular entities in developing understandings which can lead to improvements in practice. By contrast, anthropologists pay lip service to biological foundations, but in their writings and practice, the animal is left out.

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An Essay on Schizophrenia and Science

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Anxiety, arousal, and schizophrenia: A theoretical integration.

Anxiety, arousal, and schizophrenia: A theoretical integration.

Stanley Cobb, the Rockefeller Foundation and the evolution of American psychiatry

The Science of Humanics: Multidisciplinary Renaissance of General Anthropology

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