An Estimation of Drop-Size Distribution in the Severe Rainfall

Shiotsuki, Yoshiharu

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.54.4_259

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, several other studies found that the slope of the DSD decreases with increasing rainfall rate in areas of moderate rainfall, an indication that processes are not in balance (Shiotsuki 1976;Zawadzki and de Agostinho Antonio 1988;Willis and Tattelman 1989;Sauvageot and Lacaux 1995). Obviously, answering the question of equilibrium between collection and breakup is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Section: B Microphysical Processesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Drop-Size Distributions in Thunderstorms Measured by Optical Disdrometers during VORTEX2

Friedrich

Kalina

Masters

et al. 2013

Monthly Weather Review

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When studying the influence of microphysics on the near-surface buoyancy tendency in convective thunderstorms, in situ measurements of microphysics near the surface are essential and those are currently not provided by most weather radars. In this study, the deployment of mobile microphysical probes in convective thunderstorms during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) is examined. Microphysical probes consist of an optical Ott Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer that measures particle size and fall velocity distributions and a surface observation station that measures wind, temperature, and humidity. The mobile probe deployment allows for targeted observations within various areas of the storm and coordinated observations with ground-based mobile radars. Quality control schemes necessary for providing reliable observations in severe environments with strong winds and high rainfall rates and particle discrimination schemes for distinguishing between hail, rain, and graupel are discussed. It is demonstrated how raindrop-size distributions for selected cases can be applied to study size-sorting and microphysical processes. The study revealed that the raindrop-size distribution changes rapidly in time and space in convective thunderstorms. Graupel, hailstones, and large raindrops were primarily observed close to the updraft region of thunderstorms in the forward-and rear-flank downdrafts and in the reflectivity hook appendage. Close to the updraft, large raindrops were usually accompanied by an increase in small-sized raindrops, which mainly occurred when the wind speed and standard deviation of the wind speed increased. This increase in small drops could be an indicator of raindrop breakup.

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Section: B Microphysical Processesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Drop-Size Distributions in Thunderstorms Measured by Optical Disdrometers during VORTEX2

Friedrich

Kalina

Masters

et al. 2013

Monthly Weather Review

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“…Ink blotters dusted with potassium manganese used by Anderson [12] and known water densities used by Abudi et al [13], incorporated weights of raindrops to infer size. Several studies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] used Whatman's No. 1 filter paper, which was identified as yielding the most accurate results.…”

Section: Stain Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate manual rain drop measurement is limited to a maximum of approximately 2 mm in diameter due to splashing effects distorting results [7,17,137]. Large size drops are often overestimated due to the drop size growth over time on absorbent paper during use of the stain method [138].…”

Section: Precise Measurement Of Larger Rain Dropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Kathiravelu

Lucke

Nichols

2016

Water

125

108

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For over a century there have been many studies that describe the use of rain drop measurement techniques. Initial manual measurement methods evolved due to improved technology to include photographic and, more recently, automated disdrometer and laser measurement techniques. Despite these numerous studies, there have been few comparative reviews of the range of methodologies, and their relative performance. This review explores the raindrop measurement techniques available, and summarizes and classifies the techniques according to the method or principle involved. The requirements of a robust raindrop measurement technique are suggested, and these are reviewed against existing rain drop measurement techniques to provide a comparative guide to the use of the range of techniques available for any research study. This review revealed that while advances in technology have allowed many of the deficiencies of early techniques to be eliminated, challenges remain in relation to the precision of the measurement of the size, shape, and velocity of rain drops.

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“…As heavy rainfall area exists in a depression and its vicinity, flying rice planthoppers may be immediately dropped down to ground or sea surface. According to the raindrop observation carried out in Kyushu in the last stage of the Baiu by Shiotsuki (1974Shiotsuki ( , 1976, insects such as rice planthoppers were never collected with raindrops. Therefore, it is considered that insects are migrating the area except the convergence or rainfalling zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of long distance migration of rice planthoppers to northern Kyushu considering low-level jet stream.

Seino

Shiotsuki

Oya

et al. 1987

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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Rice planthoppers are major pest for rice plants in Asian countries. They immigrates from overseas to Kyushu in Japan in the Baiu season every year. To predict the long distance migration of rice planthoppers to northern Kyushu, a migration model was developed with a hypothesis that rice planthoppers were transported by low-level jet stream at 1,000-2,000 m heights. The weather conditions for the migration period (June to July) were analyzed with the 850 mb chart at 21 h in 1980-1985 and at 09 h and 21 h in 1986, and possible migration days were decided. On the other hand, actual migration flight waves were decided with the number of catches by two nets. The possible migration flights decided by the weather chart agreed approximately with the actual flights. The accuracy of this prediction method was improved by using the 850 mb chart at 09 h additionaly. Finally, the prediction procedure was described.

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An Estimation of Drop-Size Distribution in the Severe Rainfall

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Drop-Size Distributions in Thunderstorms Measured by Optical Disdrometers during VORTEX2

Drop-Size Distributions in Thunderstorms Measured by Optical Disdrometers during VORTEX2

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Prediction of long distance migration of rice planthoppers to northern Kyushu considering low-level jet stream.

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