An estimation of selenium requirements for New Zealanders

Duffield, Anna J.; Thomson, Christine D.; Hill, Kristina E.; Williams, Sheila

doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.5.896

Cited by 248 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Studies indicate that serum selenium concentrations of around 1.1 mmol/l are associated with maximum activity and concentration of plasma selenoproteins (Hill et al, 1996;Duffield et al, 1999), while a serum concentration of around 1.5 mmol/l has been suggested as desirable because it may be optimal for cancer protection (Combs, 2001;Thomson 2004). Nearly 40% of the elderly women in our study exhibited a low selenium status (below 1.1 mmol/l) and more than 90% did not reach the desirable selenium level of 1.5 mmol/l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and antioxidant vitamin status of elderly German women

et al. 2005

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Objective: Low antioxidant intake and status have been shown to be associated with an elevated risk for various diseases. Data on the status of antioxidant vitamins, selenium and coenzyme Q10 of younger female seniors are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the status of these antioxidants, as well as influencing factors such as dietary intake, anthropometric data and educational level in female seniors (60-70 years) in Germany. Design: Dietary intake of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid was determined by a 3-day diet record. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, selenium and coenzyme Q10 were measured. Anthropometric measures, socioeconomic and educational status were assessed. Setting: In total, 178 elderly women without severe diseases in the region of Hannover, Germany, were included in the study. The mean (7s.d.) age and BMI of the women was 63.2 (2.73) years and 25.6 (3.77) kg/m 2 , respectively. The study participants were generally better educated than the overall German female population. Results: Dietary intake of the ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol was below RDA in six and 75% of the women, respectively. In comparison to estimated desirable serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and selenium, lower concentrations were found in 23, 1, 6, and 39% of the women, respectively. Ascorbic acid (r ¼ 0.205, P ¼ 0.009) and betacarotene (r ¼ 0.173, P ¼ 0.025) intake were significantly associated with serum concentrations. Beta-carotene concentrations were influenced by the type of diet, BMI, and school education (R 2 ¼ 0.128, Po0.001). Serum selenium was positively associated with alcohol intake (r ¼ 0.229, P ¼ 0.003). Neither employment nor vocational training was predictive for the serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, selenium or coenzyme Q10. Conclusions: Poor status of selenium and alpha-tocopherol is highly prevalent even among younger, well-educated female seniors, whereas ascorbic acid and beta-carotene status seems sufficient in most women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and antioxidant vitamin status of elderly German women

et al. 2005

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“…Mean intake levels in a number of countries (Combs, 2001;Rayman, 2004) are shown in Fig. 1, which also indicates the range of Se intake believed to be required for optimal activity of plasma GPx (Thomson et al 1993;Duffield et al 1999). It is clear that the level of intake in Europe and some parts of China is not adequate for full expression of GPx.…”

Section: Selenium Intakes and Status Of Adults In Different Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one such study (Schrauzer et al 1977), inverse correlations were observed between apparent dietary Se intakes estimated from food-consumption data in twenty-seven (Combs, 2001;Rayman 2004) and the range of selenium intake believed to be required for optimal activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase (Thomson et al 1993, Duffield et al 1999K).…”

Section: Geographical (Ecological) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action

2005

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Se is an unusual trace element in having its own codon in mRNA that specifies its insertion into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (SeCys), by means of a mechanism requiring a large SeCysinsertion complex. This exacting insertion machinery for selenoprotein production has implications for the Se requirements for cancer prevention. If Se may protect against cancer, an adequate intake of Se is desirable. However, the level of intake in Europe and some parts of the world is not adequate for full expression of protective selenoproteins. The evidence for Se as a cancer preventive agent includes that from geographic, animal, prospective and intervention studies. Newly-published prospective studies on oesophageal, gastric-cardia and lung cancer have reinforced previous evidence, which is particularly strong for prostate cancer. Interventions with Se have shown benefit in reducing the risk of cancer incidence and mortality in all cancers combined, and specifically in liver, prostate, colo-rectal and lung cancers. The effect seems to be strongest in those individuals with the lowest Se status. As the level of Se that appears to be required for optimal effect is higher than that previously understood to be required to maximise the activity of selenoenzymes, the question has been raised as to whether selenoproteins are involved in the anti-cancer process. However, recent evidence showing an association between Se, reduction of DNA damage and oxidative stress together with data showing an effect of selenoprotein genotype on cancer risk implies that selenoproteins are indeed implicated. The likelihood of simultaneous and consecutive effects at different cancer stages still allows an important role for anti-cancer Se metabolites such as methyl selenol formed from g-glutamyl-selenomethyl-SeCys and selenomethyl-SeCys, components identified in certain plants and Se-enriched yeast that have anti-cancer effects. There is some evidence that Se may affect not only cancer risk but also progression and metastasis. Current primary and secondary prevention trials of Se are underway in the USA, including the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) relating to prostate cancer, although a large European trial is still desirable given the likelihood of a stronger effect in populations of lower Se status.

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“…Selenium plasma levels for maximal glutathione peroxidase activity have been reported over the range 90-114 mg/l (Alfthan et al, 1991;Thomson et al, 1993;Duffield et al, 1999), whereas maximum selenoprotein P concentrations are reached around 83-118 mg/l (Marchaluk et al, 1995;Duffield et al, 1999), but may be as low as 71 mg/l in individuals with low selenium status (Hill et al, 1996). Rayman (1997) suggested a value of 100 mg/l as a threshold for nutritional adequacy although it has even been proposed that around 120 mg/l is a useful target for minimizing cancer risk (Combs, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium status in Southern Tasmania

et al. 2007

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Objective: To assess the selenium status of Southern Tasmanians. Design: Cross-sectional. Settings: One thousand and five hundred adults randomly selected from the electoral roll living in the Greater Hobart region of Southern Tasmania, Australia, were invited to participate. Subjects: The overall response rate was 22% (335/1500). Interventions: A venous blood sample was collected and a questionnaire administered (consisting of brief demographic details and health questions) to subjects who granted informed consent. A previously validated assay using magnetic sector ICP-MS was employed for plasma analysis. Results: Total plasma selenium levels for this sample population were normally distributed with a mean level of 110 mg/l (range 67-268 mg/l) indicating that the majority of the subjects were not selenium-depleted (71% with levels greater than 100 mg/l). Adjustment for differential age/gender response rates produced similar values. More women under 50 (42%) and men over 50 (32%) had selenium levels o100 mg/l with the potential for sub-optimal selenoprotein activity. Low education attainment was associated with low total selenium level (Po0.02). Conclusions: The majority of participants were not deficient in selenium. Given the narrow therapeutic window of supplementation, dietary advice to increase foods rich in selenium, particularly to higher risk groups, may be an effective means of increasing plasma selenium toward target levels.

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An estimation of selenium requirements for New Zealanders

Cited by 248 publications

References 33 publications

Selenium and antioxidant vitamin status of elderly German women

Selenium and antioxidant vitamin status of elderly German women

Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action

Selenium status in Southern Tasmania

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