An ethical perspective to using bone grafts in dentistry

Gill, Sukhjit; Prakash, Meghna; Forghany, Mohsen; Vaderhobli, Ram

doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2021.09.011

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is crucial to respect the patient’s autonomy over their own body. It involves making certain they are aware of their options and the possible consequences associated with consent and patient autonomy …”

Section: Ethical and Regulatory Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances

Aslam Khan,

Aslam,

Bin Abdullah

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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In view of their exceptional approach, excellent inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, and interaction with the local extracellular matrix, protein-based polymers have received attention in bone tissue engineering, which is a multidisciplinary field that repairs and regenerates fractured bones. Bone is a multihierarchical complex structure, and it performs several essential biofunctions, including maintaining mineral balance and structural support and protecting soft organs. Protein-based polymers have gained interest in developing ideal scaffolds as emerging biomaterials for bone fractured healing and regeneration, and it is challenging to design ideal bone substitutes as perfect biomaterials. Several protein-based polymers, including collagen, keratin, gelatin, serum albumin, etc., are potential materials due to their inherent cytocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, high biofunctionalization, and tunable mechanical characteristics. While numerous studies have indicated the encouraging possibilities of proteins in BTE, there are still major challenges concerning their biodegradability, stability in physiological conditions, and continuous release of growth factors and bioactive molecules. Robust scaffolds derived from proteins can be used to replace broken or diseased bone with a biocompatible substitute; proteins, being biopolymers, provide excellent scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, recent developments in protein polymers for cutting-edge bone tissue engineering are addressed in this review within 3−5 years, with a focus on the significant challenges and future perspectives. The first section discusses the structural fundamentals of bone anatomy and ideal scaffolds, and the second section describes the fabrication techniques of scaffolds. The third section highlights the importance of proteins and their applications in BTE. Hence, the recent development of protein polymers for state-of-the-art bone tissue engineering has been discussed, highlighting the significant challenges and future perspectives.

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Section: Ethical and Regulatory Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It involves making certain they are aware of their options and the possible consequences associated with consent and patient autonomy. 228 7.1.2. Biosafety and Efficacy.…”

Section: Ethical and Regulatory Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances

Aslam Khan,

Aslam,

Bin Abdullah

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…When the anchorage of a prosthesis is compromised, there is then the need for a surgical intervention of bone grafting to increase both the height and width of the area to be anchored to the prosthesis, as well as to favor bone growth around the implant and thus better fixation of the implant in the alveolar bone. (Gill, 2022;Moussa, 2020;Wychowanski, 2020) Conversely, as with any surgical intervention, postoperative pain control in significant bone graft surgeries is accentuated in dentistry, and the pain problem is more effective than in other medical specialties. (Reissmann, 2018;Nadar, 2020) To minimize post-surgical effects, anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids are prescribed for oral administration, but in post-surgical cases, administration in several daily doses is needed for symptom relief.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites based on alginate−chitosan−collagen and nimesulide/layered double hydroxides: preparation and characterization

Machado,

Leite,

De Araujo

et al. 2023

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

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Considering the increase in life expectancy of the world's population, the study of new materials that can act as alloplastic grafts and also have the ability to release drugs directly at the site of the patient's pain is considered of great importance. Therefore, this paper presents a study on synthesizing and characterizing hybrid membranes composed of biopolymers (alginate, chitosan, and collagen) added of zinc and aluminum layered double hydroxides intercalated with nimesulide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. These membranes have the potential to be used as resorbable grafts that release the drug in question more slowly. An experimental study was carried out for the synthesis with six variables to define the best composition for synthesizing the membranes. The best condition presented was characterized by XRD, and then a study of the release of nimesulide using UV-Vis spectroscopy was carried out. The XRD technique showed the synthesis of LDH intercalated with nimesulide and its insertion into the polymeric hybrid membrane. The release studies as a function of pH showed that the LDH releases around 20% of the intercalated nimesulide at pHs above 2. At the same time, the membranes contribute to keeping the nimesulide in its protonated form and unavailable to the environment, which contributes significantly, since this membrane, when used as a graft, will fulfill its structural function. As the body absorbs the membrane, it will release the nimesulide at the focus of the patient's pain.

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“…Due to their origin, the materials with application in regenerative techniques can be considered autologous when they come from the same patient, homologous or allogeneic when they originate in individuals of the same species, and xenogeneic when they come from a different species. Finally, alloplastic materials are obtained directly in a laboratory [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility Assessment of Two Commercial Bone Xenografts by In Vitro and In Vivo Methods

2022

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Bone substitutes based on xenografts have been used for a long time in bone regeneration thanks to their inductive capacity for bone tissue regeneration. Some bone-based scaffolds have been modified by adding collagen and other proteins to improve their regenerative capacity and prevent migration and aggregation, especially particles. However, rejection of this graft has been reported due to protein residues caused by poor material preparation. We compared the in vitro and in vivo biological response of two commercial xenografts (InterOss®, F1 and InterOss® Collagen, F2) and a commercial porcine collagen membrane (InterCollagen® Guide, F3) as a rapid degradation control. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis evidenced the presence of hydroxyl, orthophosphate, and carbonate groups of the xenografts and amide groups of collagen. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the xenografts demonstrated their thermal stability and the presence of a few amounts of organic material. The study by differential scanning calorimetry showed the presence of endothermic peaks typical of the dehydration of the xenografts (F1 and F2) and for the collagen membrane (F3), the beginning of structural three-dimensional protein changes. Subsequently, in vitro biocompatibility tests were carried out for the materials with Artemia salina and MTT cell viability with HeLa cells, demonstrating the high biocompatibility of the materials. Finally, in vivo biocompatibility was studied by implanting xenografts in biomodels (Wistar rats) at different periods (30, 60, and 90 days). The F1 xenograft (InterOss) remained remarkably stable throughout the experiment (90 days). F2 (InterOss Collagen) presented a separation of its apatite and collagen components at 60 days and advanced resorption at 90 days of implantation. Finally, the collagen membrane (F3) presented faster resorption since, at 90 days, only some tiny fragments of the material were evident. All the in vivo and in vitro test results demonstrated the biocompatibility of the xenografts, demonstrating the potential of these materials for tissue engineering.

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An ethical perspective to using bone grafts in dentistry

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances

Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances

Biocomposites based on alginate−chitosan−collagen and nimesulide/layered double hydroxides: preparation and characterization

Biocompatibility Assessment of Two Commercial Bone Xenografts by In Vitro and In Vivo Methods

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