An etiological study of respiratory distress in neonates in a tertiary care medical college hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Respiratory distress is the most common cause of NICU admissions in newborns. Early diagnosis of cause of respiratory distress is important in the management of neonatal distress for better outcome. The high incidence of maternal risk factors and newborn receiving poor antenatal care continues to test the abilities of the neonatologist. Inspite of recent advance in clinching diagnosis and management there are very less clinical studies on the neonatal respiratory distress in our country. Therefore, there is a need to know the etiological factors of the babies with respiratory distress. Materials and methods: A descriptive study of 150 neonates admitted to NICU of Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital with clinical features suggestive of respiratory distress. All the newborn babies who developed respiratory distress within 72 hours of life were included in the study and those who developed respiratory distress after 72 hours of life was excluded from the study. Results: The commonest cause of neonatal respiratory distress in the present study was Respiratory distress syndrome (34%), followed by Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (30%), and Meconium aspiration syndrome (22.66%). LSCS was most common mode of delivery. Conclusion: The most common causes of respiratory distress were RDS, TTNB, MAS, and birth asphyxia. Proper antenatal care and early diagnosis of the antenatal complication and avoiding preterm deliveries will aid in the better outcome of the newborns. Early detection and appropriate management are essential to ensure better outcome in all infants presenting with respiratory distress.

Insuficiencia respiratoria por inmadurez pulmonar

“…Como principales causas de la insuficiencia respiratoria están los bajos puntajes de Apgar durante el primer y quinto minuto de vida (usualmente menores a 7), prematuridad, diabetes gestacional, parto por cesárea, síndrome de aspiración de meconio, ruptura prematura de membranas, corioamnioitis, oligohidramios, así como taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido, neumonía, sepsis, neumotórax e hipertensión pulmonar persistente del recién nacido (6,8). La insuficiencia respiratoria también puede ser el resultado de la variación de la difusión del oxígeno a través de la membrana alveolar capilar (2).…”

“…• Apgar inferior a 7. Estos factores han sido determinados mediante técnicas de muestreo sistemático, observando su incidencia en la insuficiencia respiratoria neonatal (2,4,(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

“…Desde el punto de vista clínico se ha observado con frecuencia este síndrome en recién nacidos a término y post término (2)(3)(4)(5). Distintos factores como el peso al nacer, la edad gestacional y el grado de compromiso respiratorio van a incidir en el tipo de manejo que reciba el recién nacido (6).…”