“…A number of conventional curves have been suggested to express the cycloidal, the modified sin curve, the modified trapezoidal curve, and the B-splines (Tsay and Lin, 1996;Wu et al, 2009;Sateesh et al, 2009;Xiao and Zu, 2009;Reeve, 1995;Nga et al, 2021;Qiu et al, 2005). In these studies, B-spline has been used to define the displacement function, which is satisfied by discrete constraints on follower displacements, velocities, and accelerations.…”