An Evaluation of Biological Approach for the Effluent Treatment of Paper Boards Industry - An Economic Perspective

Abstract

The environmental problems of paper board industry are not limited by the high water consumption, generate wastewaters and solid wastes. This paper presents the paper board industry effluent treatment plant components performance and physio-chemical characteristics of wastewater and sludge. In ETP operation most important factors is effluent characterization, flow rate, aeration tank dissolved oxygen (DO) level, mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS), food to micro-organism ratio (F/M), sludge volume and chemical addition for nutrients and coagulant. The result shows that the performance of effluent treatment plant based on the permissible limits prescribed by regulatory agencies and can be recycle an entire treated effluent into the board manufacturing process. The fixed capital cost was 700 lakhs-Indian Rupees (Rs.) and annual operation and maintenance cost was estimated Rs. 180 lakhs (without RO plant). Reuse of treated effluent in pulp process and sludge in sun dry board manufacturing and composting were adopted to achieve the target of sustainable development for ecological and economical gains.

Characterization of Waste Activated Sludge for Sustainable Disposal in Jamaica

“…Since the pH is not acidic, this would reduce the heavy metal absorption ability of the sludge and hence reduce the possible toxicity [16]. According to Rajkumar [20], activated sludge can only be suitably applied to the biological treatment if the pH value is near neutral at approximately 6.5-7.5. Th e EC of the sludge samples ranged from 758.7 ± 8.08 µS/ cm to 1735.7 ± 109.7 µS/ cm.…”

An Overview of Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plant

“…Level of Treatment (2017) conducted a study of decentralized sewage treatment which stated DO at receiving point is lower than detection limit and greater than 2 mg/l at outlet [6]. Also a Bhaarat et al conducted a study on wastewater of pharmaceutical industry which resulted in 1.4 mg/l DO at receiving point and 4.5 mg/l at outlet [7].…”

“…Patil et al (2018) performed a study on design of sewage treatment plant units which stated BOD of 189.78 mg/l at receiving point and 30-150 mg/l at outlet [9]. The outcome of study conducted by Bhagwatkar et al (2017) on decentralized sewage treatment reported 100-200 mg/l at receiving point and less than 5 mg/l at outlet [6]. Dahamsheh and Wedyan (2017) performed a study on interpretation of performance of sewage treatment plant which recorded BOD of 335.7 mg/l at receiving point and 15.5 mg/l at outlet [10].…”

“…Bhagwatkar et al (2017) conducted a study of decentralized sewage treatment which stated TSS of 100-200 mg/l at receiving point and <10 mg/l at outlet [6]. A study on water quality assessment of sewage treatment plant was conducted by Agyemang et al (2013) which recorded TSS of 85±25 mg/l at receiving point and 175±110 mg/l at outlet [5].…”

Operating Conditions Optimization via the Taguchi Method to Remove Colloidal Substances from Recycled Paper and Cardboard Production Wastewater

“…The paper industries hold an important place in Spanish economy, as Spain is one of the European leaders in paper recycling, with 84% of the raw materials used by the paper industry containing recovered paper [ 2 ]. However, we cannot forget that water is, also, an essential raw material for manufacturing paper and paperboard, and effluent treatment is a critical part of the process [ 3 ]. In order to minimize the amount of freshwater used and the volume of effluent discharged, the European Commission has described the best available techniques to be adopted by the P & P industry [ 4 ].…”