Abstract. In 1980s, the farmer specialized cooperative economic organization in our country rises and develops rapidly. For farmers, the new rural cooperative economic organization is conducive to improve the negotiation ability of the farmers, improve the economic status of farmers, and increase the income of farmers. Overall, under the background of the market economy, agricultural industrialization, and economic globalization, China's new rural cooperative economic organization has very good effect on solving the "small farmers" and "big market" contradictions. The role that China's rural cooperative economic organizations plays is given great expectations, but because China's The new rural cooperative economic organization is still in the initial stage of development, in many ways, it shows the imperfections. There are some evident problems existing in the new rural cooperative economic organization of our country. They are fuzzy property boundaries, unreasonable decision-making mechanism, the inefficient operating mechanism, ineffective oversight mechanisms, incentive mechanism, and irrational allocation mechanism of new rural cooperative economic organization. In addition, the legal status is not clear, government support is insufficient, external financing is in shortage and so on. The defects of China's new rural cooperative economic organization have hindered its role to a great extent. In consequence, if we can solve or alleviate the problems of the new rural cooperative economic organization, it will beyond doubt create a greater development space for our new rural cooperative economic organization.