An evaluation of current methods for the diagnostic histochemistry of amyloid

Cooper, John H.

doi:10.1136/jcp.22.4.410

Cited by 108 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The specific demonstration of amyloid remains a matter of debate since many techniques stain substances other than amyloid and the staining properties of amyloid itself change with increasing age (Lendrum, Slidders, and Fraser, 1972). Many writers consider that yellow-green dichroism of Sirius-or Congo-red-stained sections viewed between cross polars is specific for amyloid (Cooper, 1969;Cohen, Calkins, and Levene, 1959) although Klatskin (1969) found similar fluorescence in many normal tissues. This non-specific green fluorescence was present in material which had been fixed in solutions other than neutral formalin (the fixative used in our laboratory) and was rarely seen when formalin fixation was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spicular arrangement of amyloid in renal biopsy

Ansell¹,

Joekes²

1972

J Clin Pathol

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A spicular arrangement of amyloid on the epithelial aspect of the glomerular basement membrane has been seen to a variable degree in silver-stained sections of renal biopsies in eight of 38 patients with amyloidosis. Electron microscopical examination revealed a spectrum of appearances of the amyloid fibrils which would account for this finding. Only two of these eight patients had amyloidosis secondary to chronic infection, a much lower proportion than in the group as a whole. The possibility of confusion with membranous nephropathy is discussed with relevance to possible modes of treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spicular arrangement of amyloid in renal biopsy

Ansell¹,

Joekes²

1972

J Clin Pathol

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“…The current means to detect fibrillar amyloid-β is by histopathological analysis of brain tissue taken during a brain biopsy or autopsy using immunohistochemical (IHC) reagents based on antibodies to amyloid-β or histochemical (HC) dyes specific for fibrillar amyloid-β (such as thioflavin S) [1,2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Flutemetamol Positron Emission Tomography and Histopathology in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

et al. 2013

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Backgound/Objective: To determine the level of association between uptake of the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [¹⁸F]flutemetamol and the level of amyloid-ß measured by immunohistochemical and histochemical staining in a frontal cortical region biopsy site. Methods: Seventeen patients with probable normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) underwent prospective [¹⁸F]flutemetamol PET and subsequent frontal cortical brain biopsy during ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Tissue amyloid-ß was evaluated using the monoclonal antibody 4G8, thioflavin S and Bielschowsky silver stain. Results: Four of the 17 patients (23.5%) had amyloid-ß pathology based on the overall pathology read and also showed increased [¹⁸F]flutemetamol uptake. [¹⁸F]Flutemetamol standardized uptake values from the biopsy site were significantly associated with biopsy specimen amyloid-ß levels (Pearson's r = 0.67; p = 0.006). There was also good correlation between the biopsy specimen amyloid-ß level and uptake of [¹⁸F]flutemetamol in the region contralateral to the biopsy site (r = 0.67; p = 0.006), as well as with composite cortical [¹⁸F]flutemetamol uptake (r = 0.65; p = 0.008). The blinded visual read showed a high level of agreement between all readers (κ = 0.88). Two of 3 readers were in full agreement on all images; 1 reader disagreed on 1 of the 17 NPH cases. Blinded visual assessments of PET images by 1 reader were associated with 100% sensitivity to the overall pathology read, and assessments by the 2 others were associated with 75% sensitivity (overall sensitivity by majority read was 75%); specificity of all readers was 100%. Conclusions: [¹⁸F]Flutemetamol detects brain amyloid-ß in vivo and shows promise as a valuable tool to study and possibly facilitate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease both in patients with suspected NPH and among the wider population.

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“…Recently the thioflavine T, standard toluidine blue and Congo red techniques have become the histochemical methods of choice; each has its proponents and its detractors (cf. Wolman, 1971 ;Cooper, 1969Cooper, ,1974Glenner and Page, 1976), but the only conclusion which can be drawn from the controversy is that there is as yet no single, specific, histochemical test for amyloid. The most satisfactory procedure is to adopt a battery of tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma protein derivative (amyloid‐like substance) in livers of rapeseed‐fed fowls

Wight

Shannon

1977

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYAmyloid-like material in the livers of fowls fed on rapeseed diets was subjected to a battery of histochemical tests in comparison with amyloid from man, horse, ox and dog. The mammalian amyloids gave positive reactions of varying intensity with iodine, thioflavine T, Congo red, standard toluidine blue and for tryptophan. They resisted digestion by pepsin. Further tests indicated that human, equine and bovine amyloid contained both carboxylated and sulphated mucosubstances.Avian amyloid-like material gave weak reactions with iodine and thioflavine T only but was strongly positive in staining methods for fibrin. It was PAS-positive but histochemical indications of the type of mucosubstance were not elicited. It was easily digested with pepsin and did not have the characteristic fibrillar ultrastructure of the equine amyloid. It is concluded that the avian hepatic material is not amyloid but a derivative of plasma proteins with staining characteristics similar to fibrin.

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An evaluation of current methods for the diagnostic histochemistry of amyloid

Cited by 108 publications

References 10 publications

Spicular arrangement of amyloid in renal biopsy

Spicular arrangement of amyloid in renal biopsy

Prospective Flutemetamol Positron Emission Tomography and Histopathology in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Plasma protein derivative (amyloid‐like substance) in livers of rapeseed‐fed fowls

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