An evaluation of existing methods for quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples and suggestions for an improved method based on measurement of individual components

Duinker, Jan C.; Hillebrand, Mihaela; Palmork, Karsten H.; Wilhelmsen, Svein

doi:10.1007/bf01985638

Cited by 67 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…They have been shown to cause mortality or reproductive failure in mink (Mustela vison; Jensen et al 1977;Henny et al 1981). In general, their effects are difficult to assess, many compounds with varying toxicity being involved (Duinker et al 1980). Furthermore, their occurrence in animals has been quantified in many different ways by various authors (using different organs, and concentrations expressed as wet, dry or lipid weight without cross-references).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of Otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland

Kruuk¹,

Conroy²

1991

The Journal of Applied Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Applied Ecology. SUMMARY(1) A sample of 113 dead otters Lutra lutra L., collected in 1984-88 in Shetland, was analysed for cause of death, body condition, age, and the presence of some organochlorines, PCBs and heavy metals.(2) Although 54% of the sample had died of non-natural causes (42% road-mortality), this figure was an artefact of the sampling method, and natural, non-violent mortality was most important.(3) Proximate causes of non-violent mortality were various; most deaths occurred during times of low food availability (spring).(4) Mortality increased linearly with age from year 1 onwards, and the mean adult life expectancy was 3 1 years.(5) Concentrations of DDE, dieldrin (HEOD), lindane (BHC), Cd and Pb in livers were considered insufficient to have contributed significantly to mortality.(6) Mercury occurs naturally in Shetland inshore fishes on which otters feed; its concentration in the liver of otters increased with age. Almost 40% of otters of 5 years old and over had accumulated enough mercury for potential sublethal or lethal effects. There was no correlation between mercury and selenium, and it was unlikely that selenium alleviated the effects of mercury.(7) Concentrations of PCBs were high enough to have had possible sublethal effects in some otters.(8) The results suggest that food shortage was most probably the ultimate cause of death in most otters in Shetland, with the effects of mercury and perhaps PCBs as contributing factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of Otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland

Kruuk¹,

Conroy²

1991

The Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…The need for high resolution congener-specific analysis of PCBs was mentioned in a paper in 1980 [75]. The inadequacy of quantifying PCBs in environmental samples using Aroclor mixtures as standards was shown.…”

Section: Congener-specific Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Non- and Mono-ortho Chlorinated Biphenyls

Kannan¹

2000

Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds Part K

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a complex mixture, identified in every component of the global ecosystem. If potential toxicity, environmental prevalence, and potential risk to humans and wildlife are considered, non-and mono-ortho substituted chlorinated biphenyls become extremely important. They resemble 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in their biological action, causing hepato-, immuno-, reproductive, and dermal toxicities, and inducing mixed function oxidase (MFO) enzymes. This is the basis behind TCDD toxic equivalency (TEQs) as an approach towards risk assessment. Improvements in chromatographic techniques have yielded an array of analytical methods for these congeners that resulted in the determination of coplanar non-ortho and mono-ortho CBs in air, water, soil, and in organisms. Long range trans-hemispheric transportation of these substances in air and ocean currents have been demonstrated. Their contents in commercial PCBs have been studied and their formation during incineration is shown. Long term studies in river sediments demonstrate reductive dechlorination. PCB clearance from animals occurs both by non-metabolic and metabolic routes. Their flux in air, water, and sediments is estimated. OH reactions in the atmosphere is proposed as a principal source of loss along with permanent burial in marine and fresh water sediments.

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“…Reviews and quantitative compari sons of organochlorine residue levels have, for example, been made for various marine mammal species [Holden, 1978;Wagemann and Muir, 1981]. Sampling procedures and analytical techniques greatly influence the reliability of acquired data as has been discussed by Duinker et al [1980], Duinker andHillebrand [1983a] and Aguilar [1985]. In reviews this problem is often insufficiently referred to.…”

Section: Analytical Techniques and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of PCBs in the marine environment

Reijnders¹

1988

Environmental Protection of the North Sea

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An evaluation of existing methods for quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples and suggestions for an improved method based on measurement of individual components

Cited by 67 publications

References 6 publications

Mortality of Otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland

Mortality of Otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland

Non- and Mono-ortho Chlorinated Biphenyls

Environmental impact of PCBs in the marine environment

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