An evaluation of nasal bone and aperture shape among three South African populations

McDowell, Jennifer Leigh; Kenyhercz, Michael W.; L'Abbé, Ericka Nöelle

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.016

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…South Africa provides a testament to how geographical and social factors can influence population variation. The wide range of morphological variation among groups in South Africa is the cumulative result of varying geographic origins, unique population histories and structure, positive assortative mating and social and/or political barriers [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population differences in the postcrania of modern South Africans and the implications for ancestry estimation

Liebenberg

L'Abbé

Stull

2015

Forensic Science International

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Highlights AbstractThe cranium is widely recognized as the most important skeletal element to use when evaluating population differences and estimating ancestry. However, the cranium is not always intact or available for analysis, which emphasizes the need for postcranial alternatives. The purpose of this study was to quantify postcraniometric differences among South Africans that can be used to estimate ancestry.Thirty-nine standard measurements from 11 postcranial bones were collected from 360 modern black, white and coloured South Africans; the sex and ancestry distribution were equal. Group differences were explored with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Linear and flexible discriminant analysis (LDA and FDA, respectively) were conducted with bone 2 models as well as numerous multivariate subsets to identify the model and method that yielded the highest correct classifications. Leave-one-out (LDA) and k-fold (k = 10; FDA) cross-validation with equal priors were used for all models. ANOVA and Tukey's HSD results reveal statistically significant differences between at least two of the three groups for the majority of the variables, with varying degrees of group overlap. Bone models, which consisted of all measurements per bone, resulted in low accuracies that ranged from 46% to 63% (LDA) and 41% to 66% (FDA). In contrast, the multivariate subsets, which consisted of different variable combinations from all elements, achieved accuracies as high as 85% (LDA) and 87% (FDA). Thus, when using a multivariate approach, the postcranial skeleton can distinguish among three modern South African groups with high accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population differences in the postcrania of modern South Africans and the implications for ancestry estimation

Liebenberg

L'Abbé

Stull

2015

Forensic Science International

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“…Research projects on this material were initiated only in recent years. 6,22,[29][30][31][32] These cadavers derive from consented donations or unclaimed bodies of persons who died from natural causes in the Western Cape region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 As a result of the eradication of slavery in 1834-1938, the newly formed self-identified population was named the Cape Coloureds, 17,18 and is today known as the South African coloured population. During the early 1800s, the number of cross-cultural relationships declined 21 , and later during the 1900s, racism established by apartheid laws further reduced crosspopulation gene flow 6,22 .…”

Section: Population Demographic Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23 Under this ruling, African people that were a product of the Bantu expansion, were grouped as black people, while people with an admixture of mixed origin, including Khoisan, were classified as coloureds. 20 The Population Registration Act of 1950 was used to categorise all South Africans as black, white, Indian or coloured during the apartheid reign.…”

Section: Population Demographic Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This forced segregation with geographical parting of these groups directly limited admixture of different population groups. 6,22 Although apartheid was abolished in 1994, the different populations in South Africa have tended to persist within their socially defined population groups, keeping the different populations largely segregated from one another. 6,25 As a result of limited interracial relationships still today, genetic variation within groups is decreasing and variation between groups is increasing.…”

Section: Population Demographic Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition of the Kirsten Skeletal Collection at Stellenbosch University

Alblas¹,

Greyling²,

Geldenhuys³

2018

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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The Kirsten Skeletal Collection is curated in the Division of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. It comprises the largest documented cadaver-derived South African coloured skeletal collection in the world. Our aim in this paper is to present an inventory and characterise the identified skeletons in the Kirsten Skeletal Collection as well as provide a descriptive indication of what researchers can expect to encounter at the anthropology unit at Stellenbosch University. The skeletal material was derived mainly from the cadaver donation programme of the Division of Anatomy and Histology over a 58-year period (1957–2015). All pertinent information for each individual skeleton is entered into a database and a full skeletal inventory is established. The skeletal database registry was analysed to demonstrate the distribution of age, sex and population affinity of individuals in the collection. Currently, this collection consists of 1161 skeletons with known records. Despite differences in the age and sex composition, the skeletal profile in general reflects mainly the profile of the Western Cape population. Most individuals were born between 1920 and 1950, placing the Kirsten Skeletal Collection in the early to mid-20th century. The age at death for the greatest proportion (41.8%) of individuals was between 40 and 60 years. Current biological profile techniques in age, ancestry and sex estimation can be improved and, among others, new regional and ancestral specific standards for the biologically unique and diverse South African coloured population can be developed.

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The characteristic mid‐shaft cross‐sectional shape of the ulna in Jomon hunter‐gatherers

Hagihara

Nara

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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An evaluation of nasal bone and aperture shape among three South African populations

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Population differences in the postcrania of modern South Africans and the implications for ancestry estimation

Population differences in the postcrania of modern South Africans and the implications for ancestry estimation

Composition of the Kirsten Skeletal Collection at Stellenbosch University

The characteristic mid‐shaft cross‐sectional shape of the ulna in Jomon hunter‐gatherers

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