An evaluation of optimal sized second-life electric vehicle batteries improving technical, economic, and environmental effects of hybrid power systems

Terkes, Musa; Demirci, Alpaslan; Gökalp, Erdin

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117272

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The power generation performance of these panels depends on solar radiation, ambient temperature, tilt angle, and sunshine duration. The power generated by the PV panel at time t is shown in Equation ( 1) [61], the cell temperature of the PV panel at time t is shown in Equation ( 2), and the maximum efficiency of the PV panel is shown in Equation ( 3) [62], [63].…”

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…𝑅 0 (5) The temperature-dependent capacity can be calculated from Equation (6) using the temperature and battery characteristics shown in Table II [64]. Cycle degradation curves for each DOD are available from the ESS manufacturer or can be calculated by Equations ( 7) and ( 8) [63]. The loss of capacity can be expressed as a temperature-dependent calendar degradation, irrespective of the use of ESS.…”

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second limitation, the maximum C-rate, is considered in Equation (11), and the third limitation, the maximum ESS charging current, is considered in Equation ( 12) [64]. The maximum charging power, which aims to minimize the three limitations, is calculated in Equation ( 13) [63]. The maximum discharge power is determined in Equation ( 14), while the maximum useful discharge power is calculated in Equation ( 15) considering the round-trip efficiency [65], [66].…”

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since [63] compared SOH and DOD performance for SLB, this study was conducted at 80% SOH and 80% DOD, as shown in Table II. HPS are equipped with both AC and DC power generation capabilities.…”

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Evaluation of Microgrids Based on 100% Renewable Energy Powered by Second-Life Battery

Demirci

2023

IEEE Access

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The rapid development of distributed renewable energy has made energy storage essential for demand reliability and flexible energy management. Due to the high investment costs of fresh batteries (FB), achieving a positive and efficient economy takes work. However, second-life batteries (SLB), whose capacity decreases by 20-30% after the first use, can be preferred as alternative energy storage to overcome this challenge. This paper investigates the renewable potential of shared energy storage and the feasibility of FB&SLB for prosumers. In addition, threshold points are determined by examining the financial obligations associated with an increasing share of renewables on the path to 100% renewable energy. Moreover, the impact of carbon taxes on extra CO2 reduction costs is assessed depending on the carbon quota. The results confirm the superiority of SLB, which increases throughput by 11.5% while reducing CO2 by 9.4%. Renewable fractions (RFs) above 59.2%, and 87% in optimal hybrid power systems (HPS), in different climate potentials, and for low, and high energy tariffs lead to costly investments. Increasing the carbon tax could reduce the cost of CO2 reduction by up to 5.2 $/kg in the early stages of carbon limits while avoiding extra costs of up to 2.1 $/kg for FB at lower CO2 limits. In contrast, increasing RF from 95% to 100% would result in an increase in net present cost (NPC) up to 122.65%. It will be more critical than ever for governments to support prosumers' financial trade-offs in the transition to clean energy.INDEX TERMS Carbon emission, carbon tax, energy storage, renewable energy, second-life battery.

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Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Evaluation of Microgrids Based on 100% Renewable Energy Powered by Second-Life Battery

Demirci

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Batteries from EVs are considered to be at their end of life when they reach 75-80% of their nominal capacities [14]. Prolonging the batteries' service life, given the significant environmental impacts associated with their production, is crucial both in terms of resource efficiency and meeting global net-zero targets [15][16][17]. Second-life batteries are being used in various applications, such as in the building of energy-storage systems [18,19], EV charging stations [16,20,21], and micro-grid-scale energy systems [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

Salek,

Resalati,

Babaie

et al. 2024

Batteries

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The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads has led to a rise in the number of batteries reaching the end of their first life. Such batteries, however, still have a capacity of 75–80% remaining, creating an opportunity for a second life in less power-intensive applications. Utilising these second-life batteries (SLBs) requires specific preparation, including grading the batteries based on their State of Health (SoH); repackaging, considering the end-use requirements; and the development of an accurate battery-management system (BMS) based on validated theoretical models. In this paper, we conduct a technical review of mathematical modelling and experimental analyses of SLBs to address existing challenges in BMS development. Our review reveals that most of the recent research focuses on environmental and economic aspects rather than technical challenges. The review suggests the use of equivalent-circuit models with 2RCs and 3RCs, which exhibit good accuracy for estimating the performance of lithium-ion batteries during their second life. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests provide valuable information about the SLBs’ degradation history and conditions. For addressing calendar-ageing mechanisms, electrochemical models are suggested over empirical models due to their effectiveness and efficiency. Additionally, generating cycle-ageing test profiles based on real application scenarios using synthetic load data is recommended for reliable predictions. Artificial intelligence algorithms show promise in predicting SLB cycle-ageing fading parameters, offering significant time-saving benefits for lab testing. Our study emphasises the importance of focusing on technical challenges to facilitate the effective utilisation of SLBs in stationary applications, such as building energy-storage systems and EV charging stations.

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Renewable energy design and optimization for a net-zero energy building integrating electric vehicles and battery storage considering grid flexibility

Liu,

Wu,

Huang

et al. 2023

Energy Conversion and Management

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An evaluation of optimal sized second-life electric vehicle batteries improving technical, economic, and environmental effects of hybrid power systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 64 publications

Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Evaluation of Microgrids Based on 100% Renewable Energy Powered by Second-Life Battery

Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Evaluation of Microgrids Based on 100% Renewable Energy Powered by Second-Life Battery

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

Renewable energy design and optimization for a net-zero energy building integrating electric vehicles and battery storage considering grid flexibility

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