2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00359-5
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An evaluation of recent blood lead levels in Port Pirie, South Australia

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Cited by 30 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…The latter has dramatically reduced lead in air concentrations in major urban populations with a subsequent dramatic reduction to lead exposure to those communities (MMWR, 2005). However, despite this public health progress, some communities are still exposed to excessive levels of lead (e.g., Maynard et al, 2003;Gulson et al, 2004). One of these communities is Port Pirie, where the world's largest lead smelter is located.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The latter has dramatically reduced lead in air concentrations in major urban populations with a subsequent dramatic reduction to lead exposure to those communities (MMWR, 2005). However, despite this public health progress, some communities are still exposed to excessive levels of lead (e.g., Maynard et al, 2003;Gulson et al, 2004). One of these communities is Port Pirie, where the world's largest lead smelter is located.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While children living closest to or downwind of the Port Pirie smelter have continued to have the highest blood lead levels, there is evidence that some interventions have been successful reducing blood lead levels in Port Pirie children [12]. These have included avoidance of tank rainwater, reduction of airborne smelter emissions, relocation of children to lower exposure suburbs, worker hygiene improvements, community education and house decontamination.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, at soil levels between 400 and 2000 mg/kg, the recommendation is to install raised-bed garden, install framed play and picnic area with perforated landscape cloth and wood chips 4-6 inches deep, and cover bare soil with wood chips if not a suitable site for grass (Hynes et al, 2001). Other superfund sites in US apparently use another guidance value of 500 mg/kg (Khoury and Diamond, 2003), which is parallel to general guidelines in South Australia, which prescribe home owner-maintained barriers and behavioural strategies at soil concentrations of lead within the interval of 500-2500 mg/kg (Maynard et al, 2003). The Danish EPA assess levels of lead in soil below 40 mg/kg as safe, state a cutoff value for lead in soil of 400 mg/kg, above which remediation should be initiated, and defines a guidance interval between 40 and 400 mg/kg.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interventions seeking to reduce intake of lead by educating parents about improved hygiene and behaviour so that children ingest less dirt have proved efficient in several exposure scenarios (Aschengrau et al, 1994;Kimbrough et al, 1994;Hilts et al, 1998;Maynard et al, 2003;von Lindern et al, 2003b). However, some data indicate that intervention may only be effective for children in the tail of the distribution, or approximately the 5-10% children with highest blood-lead levels (von Lindern et al, 2003b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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