An evaluation of resistance to change with unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers

Vargo, Kristina K.; Ringdahl, Joel E.

doi:10.1002/jaba.226

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The current results differ somewhat from those found by Vargo and Ringdahl (; Experiment 4). In their study with four typically developing preschoolers, these authors found that presession access to edible items had a more deleterious effect on responding maintained by token reinforcement than responding maintained by edible reinforcement.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Using progressive ratio schedules to evaluate tokens as generalized conditioned reinforcers

Russell

Ingvarsson

Haggar

et al. 2017

J of App Behav Analysis

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The properties of operant reinforcers are dynamic and dependent on a number of variables, such as schedule and effort. There has been sparse research on the generalized conditioned properties of token reinforcement. We evaluated leisure items, edible items, and tokens using a progressive ratio schedule with three children with diagnoses of ASD and developmental delays. The highest break points occurred during the token reinforcement condition for two out of three participants, but response rates tended to be higher with edibles. We then evaluated the effects of presession access to edibles on the break points of edible items and tokens with two participants. Break points decreased only in the edible reinforcement condition, and the participants chose to work for leisure items rather than edibles when presession access to edibles was in place. These findings suggest that the tokens functioned as generalized conditioned reinforcers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Using progressive ratio schedules to evaluate tokens as generalized conditioned reinforcers

Russell

Ingvarsson

Haggar

et al. 2017

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…It is perhaps assumed that all reinforcers would function equally in the context. However, previous research has demonstrated that differences may emerge in similar experimental arrangements under conditions of primary versus conditioned reinforcement (Leon et al, ; Vargo & Ringdahl, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exchange schedules in token economies: A preliminary investigation of second‐order schedule effects

Argueta

Leon

Brewer

2019

Behavioral Interventions

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Basic research shows that token-production and exchangeproduction schedules in token economies affect each other as second-order schedules (i.e., the exchange-production schedule's requirements affect responding toward the token-production schedule). This relationship has not been investigated with children in academic settings despite the widespread use of token economies in this context. This study compared the effects of fixed-ratio (FR) and variable-ratio (VR) exchange-production schedules of equal ratios (2, 5, and 10) on responding toward an FR 1 tokenproduction schedule with a child diagnosed with autism. A concurrent chains assessment was also conducted to assess the participant's relative preference for FR and VR exchange-production schedule arrangements within her typical discrete trial training. Results showed no difference in response rate between the two schedule types. However, the concurrent chains assessment revealed an exclusive preference for the VR arrangement.

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“…Além dos reforços automáticos, outra relação de grande importância no ambiente clínico, por exemplo, são os reforços incondicionados. Vargo e Ringdahl (2015) investigaram e compararam a resistência à mudança de comportamentos mantidos por reforços condicionados e incondicionados em quatro experimentos, com crianças com desenvolvimento típico. No Experimento 1, identificaram-se reforçadores condicionados e incondicionados de igual preferência.…”

Section: C1unclassified

Aspectos Históricos, Teóricos e Metodológicos da Teoria do Momentum Comportamental

Luíz¹,

Costa²,

Cançado³

2019

perspectivas

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Resumo:A Teoria do Momentum Comportamental (TMC) foi proposta para sistematizar os dados de pesquisas sobre resistência do comportamento à mudança, definindo-a como a tendência de um comportamento continuar ocorrendo quando se altera o ambiente no qual ele está sendo mantido. O presente artigo discorre acerca dos aspectos históricos, teóricos e metodológicos sobre a resistência do comportamento à mudança de acordo com o quadro conceitual da TMC e apresenta algumas das implicações dessa área de pesquisa para a Análise do Comportamento Aplicada. Observa-se que a resistência comportamental é um fenômeno complexo que pode ser afetado por diversas variáveis, tais como a taxa ou a magnitude dos reforços, diferentes exigências sobre a taxa de respostas e pelo atraso dos reforços. Tais resultados promoveram o desenvolvimento e refinamento de protocolos de intervenção, principalmente no trabalho com indivíduos com desenvolvimento atípico. A continuidade da pesquisa nessa área fornecerá maior e melhor conhecimento sobre o comportamento dos organismos, bases para revisões teóricas sobre os determinantes da resistência do comportamento à mudança bem como promoverá o desenvolvimento de intervenções comportamentais mais efetivas. Palavras-chave:Persistência, resistência à mudança, artigo de revisão, momentum comportamental; ressurgência Abstract: Behavioral Momentum Theory (BMT) was proposed to systematize research data on behavioral resistance to change, defining it as the tendency of a behavior to continue occurring when the environment in which it is being maintained is altered. This article discusses the historical, theoretical and methodological aspects of behavioral resistance to change according to the conceptual framework of BMT and presents some of the implications of this area for Applied Behavior Analysis. It is noted that behavioral resistance is a complex phenomenon that can be affected by several variables, such as the rate or magnitude of reinforcement, different response-rate requirements and reinforcement delay. Such results promoted the development and refinement of intervention protocols, mainly in the work with individuals with atypical development. The continuity of research in this area will provide greater and better knowledge about the behavior of organisms, bases for theoretical reviews on the determinants of behavioral resistance to change, as well as promote the development of more effective behavioral interventions.Resumen: La Teoría del Momentum Conductual (TMC) fue propuesta para sistematizar los datos de investigaciones sobre la resistencia de la conducta al cambio, definiéndolo como la tendencia de una conducta continuar ocurriendo cuando se altera el ambiente que la mantenía. El presente artículo discurre sobre los aspectos históricos, teóricos y metodológicos acerca de la resistencia de la conducta al cambio de acuerdo con lo marco conceptual de la TMC y presenta algunas de las implicaciones de esta área de investigación para el Análisis Conductual Aplicada. Se observa que la resistencia condu...

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An evaluation of resistance to change with unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Using progressive ratio schedules to evaluate tokens as generalized conditioned reinforcers

Using progressive ratio schedules to evaluate tokens as generalized conditioned reinforcers

Exchange schedules in token economies: A preliminary investigation of second‐order schedule effects

Aspectos Históricos, Teóricos e Metodológicos da Teoria do Momentum Comportamental

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