An Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City

Gavioli, Elizabeth Marie; Miyashita, Hirotaka; Hassaneen, Omar; Siau, Evan

doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1869626

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The very first results of these studies came from indirect evidence [28][29][30][31][32]. In particular, some authors found an increase in both disease severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients with hypovitaminosis D [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Very recently, some clinical trials, albeit with a limited population, showed the usefulness of high-dose vitamin D administration (cholecalciferol or calcifediol) for the treatment of COVID-19 patients [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Gaudio

Murabito²,

Agodi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a worldwide healthcare challenge that needs an efficient response. Unfortunately, to date there is no highly effective treatment, so a deep understanding of COVID-19 risk factors could be an important step in treating the disease. Vitamin D affects the immune system in many different ways, and other authors already found that COVID-19 patients have low levels of vitamin D. In our retrospective study, we evaluated the vitamin D status at the time of hospital admission in 50 COVID-19 patients in Sicily, which is the southernmost region of Italy, and compared them with 100 control subjects matched for age and sex. Our data showed markedly low levels of vitamin D in patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but no association was found with inflammation markers or clinical severity. Vitamin D levels were reduced at the time of hospital admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, but it is not clear whether this condition has an impact on the clinical course of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Gaudio

Murabito²,

Agodi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…In addition, these studies have also shown a relationship between the level of vitamin D deficiency and the severity of COVID-19. There have been many hypotheses suggested for this relationship, since the anti-inflammatory capacity of vitamin D ( 223 ) is very important in a pathology characterized by a proinflammatory cytokine storm ( 224 ) that worsens the patient's clinical condition until the possibility of affecting the need for oxygen-support therapy in patients with COVID-19 ( 222 ). This deficiency is also related to the risk of mortality from the disease ( 221 ).…”

Section: Perspectives About Nutrition and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve?

et al. 2021

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Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.

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“…A rapidly increasing number of publications are investigating the vitamin D3 status of SARS CoV 2 -patients and have confirmed both low vitamin D levels in cases of severe courses of infection [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121] and positive results of vitamin D3 treatments [122][123][124][125][126][127][128]. Therefore, many scientists recommend vitamin D3 as an indispensable part of a medical treatment plan to avoid severe courses of SARS CoV 2 infection --…”

Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review) Preprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mortality risk correlates inversely with vitamin D3 status, and a mortality rate close to zero could theoretically be achieved at 50 ng/ml 25(OH)D3: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis

Borsche

Glauner

Mendel

2021

Preprint

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Background Much research shows that blood calcidiol (25(OH)D3) levels correlate strongly with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. There is open discussion regarding whether low D3 is caused by the infection or if deficiency negatively affects immune defense. The aim of this study was to collect further evidence on this topic. Methods Systematic literature search was performed to identify retrospective cohort as well as clinical studies on COVID-19 mortality rates vs. D3 blood levels. Mortality rates from clinical studies were corrected for age, sex and diabetes. Data was analyzed using correlation and linear regression. Results One population study and seven clinical studies were identified, which reported D3 blood levels pre-infection or on the day of hospital admission. They independently showed a negative Pearson correlation of D3 levels and mortality risk (r(17)=-.4154, p=.0770/r(13)=-.4886, p=.0646). For the combined data, median (IQR) D3 levels were 23.2 ng/ml (17.4 – 26.8), and a significant Pearson correlation was observed (r(32)=-.3989, p=.0194). Regression suggested a theoretical point of zero mortality at approximately 50 ng/ml D3. Conclusions The two datasets provide strong evidence that low D3 is a predictor rather than a side effect of the infection. Despite ongoing vaccinations, we recommend raising serum 25(OH)D levels to above 50 ng/ml to prevent or mitigate new outbreaks due to escape mutations or decreasing antibody activity.

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An Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve?

COVID-19 mortality risk correlates inversely with vitamin D3 status, and a mortality rate close to zero could theoretically be achieved at 50 ng/ml 25(OH)D3: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis

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