An evaluation of skim milk powders subjected to different heating conditions during processing as dietary protein sources for the young pig

Moughan, Paul J.; Wilson, Margaret N.; Smits, C.H.M.; Smith, W. C.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(89)90062-x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…75/day, X ± SE) were similar to values reported by Moughan et aI. (25) for young piglets kept in specialized metabolism cages, indicating that collection of urine was complete. The absolute rates of urinary urea and total nitrogen excretion were very low and sometimes lower than values reported (26) for endogenous excretion in the 3O-kg live-weight pig (110 and 145 mg/kgo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

Moughan,

Pedraza,

Smith

et al. 1990

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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SummaryA study, using the piglet as a model for the human infant, was undertaken to determine the effect of the protein source of a milk formula on organ development, the activity of digestive enzymes, and the absorption of amino acids as measured at the terminal ileum and over the entire digestive tract. Three isocaloric liquid milk formulas containing equal amounts of either intact bovine milk, hydrolyzed bovine milk, or isolated soybean protein as the sole source of this nutrient and with equal levels of fat and carbohydrate were each given to six 14‐day‐old piglets over a 19‐day period in a manner that mimicked human infant feeding practice. Following a 6‐day metabolism study, the piglets were killed, their organs removed, and samples of digesta collected. The protein source of the milk‐based formula did not affect (p > 0.05) the weight/unit body weight of the small intestine, large intestine, liver, or pancreas, but the relative weight of the kidneys was lower (p<0.05) for animals fed the intact bovine milk‐based formula and that of the stomach was higher (p<0.01) for piglets receiving the isolated soybean formula. The activities of pepsin, intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin and pancreatic chymotrypsin were not influenced (p > 0.05) by protein source, but piglets receiving the bovine milk‐based formula had a lower level of activity (p<0.01) for pancreatic trypsin. The apparent ileal and fecal absorption of nitrogen was similar for the three milk‐based formulas, the overall mean ileal absorption of nitrogen (±SE) being 89.0% (±1.44). Excluding cystine, where ileal absorption was relatively lower (p<0.05) with the isolated soybean formula (86.7%) compared with the intact bovine milk (91.5%), protein source had little effect on the apparent absorption of essential amino acids. It was concluded that the replacement of intact cow's milk protein in human infant formulas by either hydrolyzed cow's milk or isolated soybean protein is unlikely to cause any major disturbance in the digestive process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

Moughan,

Pedraza,

Smith

et al. 1990

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…This result was found despite a different flocculation behavior found for the powders in vitro that could have influenced gastric emptying and digestion kinetics. This indicates that denaturation does not affect overall digestibility but can affect digestion kinetics (Moughan et al 1989).…”

Section: Milk Matrixmentioning

confidence: 96%

How processing may affect milk protein digestion and overall physiological outcomes: A systematic review

Lieshout

Lambers

Bragt

et al. 2019

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

164

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Dairy is one of the main sources for high quality protein in the human diet. Processing may, however, cause denaturation, aggregation, and chemical modifications of its amino acids, which may impact protein quality. This systematic review covers the effect of milk protein modifications as a result of heating, on protein digestion and its physiological impact. A total of 5363 records were retrieved through the Scopus database of which a total of 102 were included. Although the degree of modification highly depends on the exact processing conditions, heating of milk proteins can modify several amino acids. In vitro and animal studies demonstrate that glycation decreases protein digestibility, and hinders amino acid availability, especially for lysine. Other chemical modifications, including oxidation, racemization, dephosphorylation and cross-linking, are less well studied, but may also impact protein digestion, which may result in decreased amino acid bioavailability and functionality. On the other hand, protein denaturation does not affect overall digestibility, but can facilitate gastric hydrolysis, especially of b-lactoglobulin. Protein denaturation can also alter gastric emptying of the protein, consequently affecting digestive kinetics that can eventually result in different post-prandial plasma amino acid appearance. Apart from processing, the kinetics of protein digestion depend on the matrix in which the protein is heated. Altogether, protein modifications may be considered indicative for processing severity. Controlling dairy processing conditions can thus be a powerful way to preserve protein quality or to steer gastrointestinal digestion kinetics and subsequent release of amino acids. Related physiological consequences mainly point towards amino acid bioavailability and immunological consequences.

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“…Several techniques have been used with piglets to determine AA digestibility in feedstuffs: Li & Sauer (1994) and Sohn et al (1994) used a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum of piglets; Bengala Freire et al (1988) used the ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA) technique; Leibholz (1985) and Moughan et al (1989) used the slaughter technique. Few comparisons have been carried out between the different techniques to establish which one would be the most appropriate to determine the AA digestibility of feedstuffs in early-weaned piglets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in vivo techniques for the determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for piglets

Viljoen¹,

Coetzee²,

Fick³

et al. 2000

SA J. An. Sci.

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Three in vivo techniques were evaluated in terms of their suitability for determination of the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AID) of protein sources for piglets. The techniques were: ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA), cannulation at the distal ileum and a slaughter technique. A standard diet and three diets in which 20% of the standard diet was substituted with either skim milk powder (SMP), fish meal or roasted full-fat soya beans (FFS) were used. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age, and the respective diets were fed in 24 equal hourly portions per day from days 29-37. Ileal digesta was collected from day 33-37 in IRA and cannulated piglets. Piglets used for the slaughter technique were killed at 37 days of age and ileal digesta was collected. Chromium III oxide was used as an indigestible marker with all three techniques. Although AID means did not differ (p > 0.05) between the different techniques, the cannulation technique resulted in the lowest variation (standard error of the mean) of all treatments (8.2 vs 13.7 and 14.1 for the slaughter and IRA-techniques respectively). AID means obtained using the cannula technique were 1.8 percentage units higher for the SMP diet than values obtained using the other techniques (83.2 versus 81.4 %), and up to 9.3 percentage units higher for the FFS diet (75.4 versus 66.1 %). Growth data suggested that the cannulation technique caused less trauma for the piglets than the IRA-technique. IRA-piglets had not yet regained their initial weaning weight by 37 days of age, while the other piglets gained weight over the trial period. The cannulation technique is the most attractive method for use with piglets in terms of the lower variation in digestibility values. Practical aspects such as ease of handling and sampling, surgical trauma and piglet stress, are also important and contribute to the selection of the cannula technique as the most appropriate.

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An evaluation of skim milk powders subjected to different heating conditions during processing as dietary protein sources for the young pig

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

How processing may affect milk protein digestion and overall physiological outcomes: A systematic review

Evaluation of in vivo techniques for the determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for piglets

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