An Evaluation of Steam Injected Combustion Turbine Systems

Brown, Dale; Cohn, A.

doi:10.1115/1.3230685

Cited by 19 publications

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“…Massive amounts of moisture injection into the gas turbines may present a highly visible plume of condensed water vapor following ejection from the stacks. Reference [6] shows that at 450 F, the amount of moisture must exceed 22% before the plume becomes visible. At this level of water injection, power output is 78% of maximum power, and the ship speed is 29.5 knots, so that the ship is most likely in a situation of tactical encounter.…”

Section: Sagt Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acoustic signature is the predominant signature for purposes of ship detection in such a case. However, elevating the stack temperature only 100 F degrees can reduce the plume [6] significantly. Figure 4 demonstrates thermal efficiencies of 43.68%, 42.82%, and 35.13% at the Cheng, design and stoichiometric points.…”

Section: Sagt Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The further addition of moisture above the Cheng point results in a quality less than loo%, since there is not sufficient enthalpy available from the heat recovery steam generator. Thus, fuel injection must be increased to evaporate the liquid water [6], and efficiency must fall. The design point is the point where maximum gas generator speed and mass flow become approximately constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Steam‐augmented Gas Turbine With Reheat Combustor for Surface Ships

Urbach¹,

Garman²,

Knauss³

et al. 1994

Naval Engineers Journal

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He earned a BA degree in chemistry from Indiana University, an MA degree in physical chemistry from Columbia University, a Ph.D in physical chemistry from Case Western Reserve University, an MS in mechanical engineering from George Washington University, and an MS in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland. His professional experience includes research on rocket fuels, atomic oxygen, and ozone with Olin Corp. and research on fuel cells at the United Technology Research Laboratory. At CDNSWC, he worked on Navy fuel cells, super flywheels, MHD propulsion, closed-cycle Brayton engines, biphase turbines, and the steamaugmented gas turbines. During this time, he was briefly borrowed by the Naval Academy where he taught thermodynamics as an adjunct professor of mechanical engineering. He has published over thirty refereed papers (including one chapter of a book) in grey journals, and nine patents. ABSTRACTThe steam-augmented gas turbine (SAGT) concept has attracted attention because of its benign level of NO, emission, its increased fuel efficiency, and signiflcant, cost-effective increments of output power, particularly when moisture injection is increased to levels approaching 50% of air flow. Such high levels of moisture consumption distinguish the SAGT engine from commercial steam-injected gas turbines where steam flow may be less than 15% of air flow. At the high 50% levels, the SAGT burner would operate near stoichiometric combustion ratios with specific powers exceeding 570 hp-sedb.In a previous study, an intercooled, steam-augmented, gasturbine concept was examined for its applicability in the Navy's DDG-51 class ship environments, which achieves emciencies approaching the Navy's intercooled regenerative (ICR) engine, and an impressive compactness that arises from the high specific power of steam and low air consumption.A newer SAGT engine concept, described herein, dispenses with the intercooler, but adds a low-pressure reheat combustor. At the most efficient operating points, the efflciency of this new reheat SAGT engine at 43% exceeds the efficiency of the ICR engine, while exhibiting the compactness of the previous SAGT concept. Tabular and graphical simulation data comparing the baseline engine, with the ICR and other engine simulations, show that the maximum efficiency of the new SAGT engine occurs at powers required for cruising speeds. Since a DDG operates near cruise conditions for the majority of its mission time, a SAGT plant uses less fuel than the ICR plant. Moreover, since it eliminates the intercooler, developmental work on member elements, largely derivable from off-the-shelf components, is reduced. Even with conservative cost estimates, the SAGT plant is quite competitive on a first-acquisition cost basis with the current gas turbine in the fleet.

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Section: Sagt Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sagt Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Steam‐augmented Gas Turbine With Reheat Combustor for Surface Ships

Urbach¹,

Garman²,

Knauss³

et al. 1994

Naval Engineers Journal

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“…It also has some advantages over the STeam Injection Gas Turbine (STIG) cycle (Brown and Cohn 1981), and the Cheng cycle of Saad and Cheng (1992) as far as efficiency is concerned. The HAT cycle has several thermodynamic advantages, consisting in the internal regeneration of heat, the increase in the turbine flowrate compared to the compressor flowrate and the non-isothermal evaporative and regenerative processes in the saturation tower, where water is added to compressed air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water recovery from HAT cycle exhaust gas: a possible solution for reducing stack temperature problems

Desideri

Maria

1997

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYFor several years the injection of steam into the combustion chamber has represented a common way to improve the performance of gas turbine power plants, increasing both the power output and the efficiency and reducing, at the same time, NO V emissions. Starting from the first STeam Injected Gas turbine (GE STIG) cycles, several types of gas turbine cycle with steam or water injection (dual fluid cycles) have been proposed. Among them, the most interesting results were obtained with the Cheng and the humid air turbine (HAT) cycles. In particular, the HAT cycle (which is a gas turbine cycle featuring intercooled compression, an air-water mixing evaporator before the combustion chamber, and a recovery system for the exhaust gases) has been identified as a promising way to generate electric power at high efficiency, low cost and with a system that is simple compared with the combined cycles (Stecco et al. and Gallo et al.). However the associated water consumption, about 1210-2420 m per day for a 100 MW unit, continues to represent a significant drawback to the spread of the HAT cycle, as well as of other steam injected cycles. In fact, such a high spread water consumption means high operational costs for water treatment, eventual legislative restrictions limiting the use of water, not to mention the environmental impact of the depletion of water resources. Some different solutions to those problems have been proposed, such as the introduction of a mixing exchanger (Bettagli and Facchini), or of a surface exchanger (Bombarda, Bidini et al.) on the exhaust of the cycle to recover water and heat from the flue gases. Further cooling of the exhaust gases, which is necessary to condense the stream fraction, lowers the stack temperature so much that the stack draft may become too low to prevent sufficient diffusion of the emission; this is one of the main drawbacks for large-scale water and heat recovery. One of the possible solutions is the introduction an induced draft fan (IDF), the other is recuperative heating of the exhaust gases after the condenser. The aim of this paper is to estimate the cycle performance with an IDF placed between the turbine and the stack. It is therefore important to take account of the reduction of the stack draft and find some means to overcome it. The results show that the IDF can increase the cycle efficiency and that a significant amount of heat and water can be recovered from the exhaust gases.

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“…All of them offer increased performance and increased output compared to a dry gas turbine cycle. Several types of water or steam injection gas turbine cycle (STIG) have been proposed in previous studies and the performance characteristics of them investigated [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The exhaust gas from the turbine is used as an energy source in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) where energy is transferred from the exhaust gases to the boiler feed water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Performances Improvement using Steam Injection in the Combustion Chamber under Sahara Conditions

Bouam

Aissani

Kadi

2007

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Amélioration des performances des turbines à gaz utilisées dans les conditions sahariennes par injection de vapeur d'eau -Le rôle des turbines à gaz, dans la production d'électricité et l'industrie pétrolière, a pris une dimension particulière ces dernières années. À cet effet différentes méthodes (régénération, refroidissement intermédiaire, préchauffage et injection de vapeur d'eau) ont été utilisées afin d'améliorer les performances des cycles de turbine à gaz. Dans cette optique, la méthode d'injection de vapeur d'eau en amont de la chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz a été proposée, étudiée et comparée avec un cycle simple. L'objectif principal de ce travail consiste en l'élaboration d'un programme de calcul de l'influence des conditions ambiantes sur les caractéristiques des différents processus de la turbine à gaz, telles que la compression, la combustion et la détente. Une fois les paramètres de fonctionnement optimaux connus, le calcul des performances de l'installation a été revu en injectant des quantités convenables de vapeur d'eau en amont de la chambre de combustion. Les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec ceux de la littérature et montrent que la méthode d'injection de vapeur d'eau en amont de la chambre de combustion améliore considérablement les performances de la turbine à gaz. Ces résultats sont représentés sous forme de courbes en deux et trois dimensions pour une meilleure illustration des phénomènes physiques. Abstract -Gas Turbine Performances Improvement using Steam Injection in the Combustion Chamber under Sahara Conditions -Gas turbines are generally used for large scale power generation. The basic gas turbine cycle has low thermal efficiency which decreases in the hard climatic conditions of operation, so it is important to look for improved gas turbine based cycles. Among several methods shown their success in increasing the performances, the steam injected gas turbine cycle (STIG) consists to introduce a high amount of steam at various points in the cycle. The objective of the present work is to improve the performances of gas turbine used under

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An Evaluation of Steam Injected Combustion Turbine Systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

A Steam‐augmented Gas Turbine With Reheat Combustor for Surface Ships

A Steam‐augmented Gas Turbine With Reheat Combustor for Surface Ships

Water recovery from HAT cycle exhaust gas: a possible solution for reducing stack temperature problems

Gas Turbine Performances Improvement using Steam Injection in the Combustion Chamber under Sahara Conditions

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