An evaluation of the calcium carbonate saturation indexes

Rossum, John Fl; Merrill, Douglas T.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1983.tb05075.x

Cited by 68 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Langelier Saturation Index [8] [14], LSI of −1.4 was obtained by utilizing the parameter, signifying that the water is corrosive. Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing a Model for Controlling Internal Corrosion in Water Supply System

Hwang¹

2017

JWARP

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A model was developed to generate charts that fit the conditions as diverse temperatures and ionic strengths, and that estimate the diversified state of water. The chart can be used as a tool for controlling corrosive waters resulted in internal corrosion and the model producing charts composed of a number of sub modules, and each module incorporated parameters including acidity, alkalinity, pH, and calcium ion. Utilizing the chart water quality of the raw water in G water purification works was estimated to be unsaturated and Langelier index becomes −1.4 which means that the water is highly corrosive and calcium carbonate would not be precipitated. Thus, the water requires treatment as the injection of water stabilizing chemicals to promote an oversaturated (protective) condition. As a result of adding 5 mg/L of lime, it is possible to be precipitated with 5 mg/L, and the water becomes noncorrosive. In addition, when 5 mg/L of caustic soda is added as a conditioning chemical, it signifies to be precipitated with 9 mg/L, and the water also turns out to be largely noncorrosive. Both chemicals are possible to use for the water to be favorable for the formation of a protective film. Optimum injection rate for controlling corrosion can be found by repeating the procedures until the well-conditioned water criteria are satisfied.

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“…Langelier Saturation Index [8] [14], LSI of −1.4 was obtained by utilizing the parameter, signifying that the water is corrosive. Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caldwell Lawrence chart [6] [7] [8] has been widely utilized in practice to achieve the goal, which is complicated in the procedures of use; and also, restricted charts are only available so that it does not reflect diversified water quality characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Model for Controlling Internal Corrosion in Water Supply System

Hwang¹

2017

JWARP

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“…As Rossum and Merrill (1983) and Singley (1981) point out, these indices do not accurately predict the corrosiveness of water in all cases; however, in a nationwide study, Millette and others (1980) found that the Aggressive Index gave an adequate estimate of the aggressiveness (corrosiveness) of water. Sharpe and DeWalle (1985) report a good correlation between the corrosiveness of cistern water as predicted by the Ryznar Index and standing tap-water copper concentrations.…”

Section: Fe(oh)3+3h+ +Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Aggressive Index has been described as a rough approximation of the widely used Langelier Saturation Index (Rossum and Merrill, 1983). Values of the Langelier Saturation Index are negative for water undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, zero for saturation, and positive for supersaturation.…”

Section: Fe(oh)3+3h+ +Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of metallic substances and acidic ground water in the New Jersey Coastal Plan

Barringer¹

1994

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“…The corrosiveness of the tap water depends on chemical factors, such as pH, alkalinity, buffer intensity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids (TDS), and physical properties, such as temperature, flow and velocity, as well as the nature of the pipe material [3][4][5]. In the water treatment process, pH, alkalinity and calcium hardness can be manipulated for the removal of color and corrosion control to prevent internal corrosion of a water distribution system [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of corrosive water in advanced water treatment plant by manipulating calcium carbonate precipitation potential

Kim

Cha

Hong

et al. 2009

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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The corrosion of metal pipes in water distribution networks is a complex electrochemical and physicochemical phenomenon between a metal surface and corrosive water. The level of corrosion in water distribution systems was controlled by manipulating the calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) concentration, and the corrosive water quality was controlled in two steps within the advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) constructed at the Institute of Water Quality Research (IWQR), Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. The 1 st control step was located before a coagulation process included on a rapid mixer, and the 2 nd control step was located after a biological activated carbon (BAC) process. The capacity of the AWTP in IWQR was 80 m 3 /day. The CCPP concentration was controlled from the calcium hardness, alkalinity, and pH by adding calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the above two steps. A CCPP control system was installed and operated according to the developed algorithm to maintain a CCPP range of 0-4 mg/L. The CCPP range was reasonably controlled to induce the formation of a CaCO 3 film on the surface of the simulated water distribution system (SWDS). From the result of the corrosive water control, the CCPP formed greater than 0.0 mg/L. The crystalloid structure of the scale produced by CCPP control in the inner surface of pipe was zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Zn 4 CO 3 (OH) 6 ·H 2 O).

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An evaluation of the calcium carbonate saturation indexes

Cited by 68 publications

References 9 publications

Developing a Model for Controlling Internal Corrosion in Water Supply System

Developing a Model for Controlling Internal Corrosion in Water Supply System

Interactions of metallic substances and acidic ground water in the New Jersey Coastal Plan

Control of corrosive water in advanced water treatment plant by manipulating calcium carbonate precipitation potential

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