An evaluation of the carrying angle of the elbow joint in adolescents

Abstract

Background: The acute angle produced medially when the axis of the forearm deviates laterally from the long axis of the humerus, with the arm extended and the palm facing forward, is referred t o as the carrying angle. Variations in the angle have clinical as well as pathological significance. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the elbow carrying angle in normal adolescents of South India and also analyze the data statistically to find out any significant difference in the angle between the different groups of subjects within the study population. Methods: 60 adolescents with ages varying from 17 to 20 years were evaluated. Carrying angles formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna, were measured. Results: The result of the study showed that the average carrying angle was 13.6 degrees for females and 6.7 degrees for males. The length of the forearm and the carrying angle showed significant relation. Conclusion: The result of the study could be useful in the management of elbow displacement, fractures, epicondylar disease and surgical planning for elbow reconstruction.

Evaluation of the Elbow Carrying Angle in Healthy Individuals

“…with age in both sexes (Paraskevas et al, 2004). When we analyzed the literature findings, the mean values of carrying angle were found between 6.7° and 20° in males and between 11° and 25° in females (Paraskevas et al, 2004;Allouh et al, 2016;Ruparelia et al, 2010;Kothapalli et al, 2013;Baskar & Kumar, 2013;Zampagni et al, 2008;Van Roy et al, 2005;Atkinson & Elftman, 1945Srivastava&Solanki, 2015Lim et al, 2014;Potter, 1895;Rajesh et al, 2013;Sönmez et al, 2012) (Table IV). In this investigation, this angle was found as 9.77°±2.82° in dominant side, 9.85°±2.95° in nondominant side in males whereas 13.94°±3.97° in dominant side and 14.03°±4.08° in nondominant side in females respectively.…”

Evaluation of the carrying angle of the elbow joint in children’s and adolescents and its correlation with various parameters

“…Rajesh B et al, [12] conducted a study to evaluate the elbow carrying angle in normal adolescents of South India and also analyze the data statistically to find out any significant difference in the angle between the different groups of subjects within the study population. 60 adolescents with ages varying from 17 to 20 years were evaluated.…”

The Comparison and Evaluation of Carrying Angle of Elbow With Anthropometric Measurements in Both Sexes

“…It measures the lateral obliquity of the forearm [1].The average carrying angle in males is about 5 0 whereas in females it is about 10-15 0 [2]. This angle is important in walking, swinging and carrying objects [2].…”

“…This angle is important in walking, swinging and carrying objects [2]. It permits the arm to swing without contacting the hips during walking [2]. Various studies have been done on the cause of formation of carrying angle.…”

“…Various studies have been done on the cause of formation of carrying angle. Some suggest that the valgus angulation of the forearm is a result of the configuration of the articulating surface of the humerus and ulna [1,2].Moreover in ulna a curved ridge is present between olecranon and coronoid process which fits the trochlear groove of humerus. The shaft of ulna is deflected by this ridge which accounts for most of the carrying angle [3,4].…”