An evaluation of the characteristics of a stretchable ink wire suitable for the measurement of biological signals

Tada, Yasunori; Inoue, Masahiro; Tokumaru, T.

doi:10.1080/00405000.2013.844419

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…stainless steel yarn [41,42], silver-plated polyamide filament [38], copper fibre [43][44][45]) into fabrics [2,38,46]. FCBs can also be made by printing [47][48][49] or coating conductive materials (e.g. conductive elastomers [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], carbonfilled rubbers [59], conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) or AgNW inks [60,61]) on fabrics or paper substrates instead of copper laminated polymer film substrates [62,63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensionally deformable, highly stretchable, permeable, durable and washable fabric circuit boards

Qiao

Tao

2014

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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This paper reports fabric circuit boards (FCBs), a new type of circuit boards, that are threedimensionally deformable, highly stretchable, durable and washable ideally for wearable electronic applications. Fabricated by using computerized knitting technologies at ambient dry conditions, the resultant knitted FCBs exhibit outstanding electrical stability with less than 1% relative resistance change up to 300% strain in unidirectional tensile test or 150% membrane strain in three-dimensional ball punch test, extraordinary fatigue life of more than 1 000 000 loading cycles at 20% maximum strain, and satisfactory washing capability up to 30 times. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of new FCBs has far exceeded those of previously reported metalcoated elastomeric films or other organic materials in terms of changes in electrical resistance, stretchability, fatigue life and washing capability as well as permeability. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation illustrate that the structural conversion of knitted fabrics is attributed to the effective mitigation of strain in the conductive metal fibres, hence the outstanding mechanical and electrical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensionally deformable, highly stretchable, permeable, durable and washable fabric circuit boards

Qiao

Tao

2014

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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“…The electrodes and wires in such methods are made of conductive textile [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16] or conductive ink [4,11], and are embedded in a shirt or belt. Such a shirt is called a smart shirt and the biological signals are measured for a person wearing the shirt [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The belt is wound around a subject's body and measures biological signals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods of the ECG measurement employ bipolar leads, unipolar leads, standard limb leads, and unipolar precordial leads. Almost all existing smart shirts and belts adopt unipolar leads to measure the ECG signal, with the use of three electrodes being the simplest method [2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Unipolar leads allow the measurement of the signal of a simple ECG signal but cannot be used to measure the signal of a detailed ECG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To eliminate the uncomfortable feeling of the electrodes and cables, other methods using dry electrodes have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The electrodes and wires in such methods are made of conductive textile [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16] or conductive ink [4,11], and are embedded in a shirt or belt. Such a shirt is called a smart shirt and the biological signals are measured for a person wearing the shirt [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The belt is wound around a subject's body and measures biological signals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Smart shirts and belts measure various biological signals, including ECG signals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], electromyogram (EMG) signals [1,2,7,11], and signals of the respiration rate [1,7,[14][15][16] and other body properties [1,6,7,11,12,14,15]. We consider an ECG measurement made using smart shirts and belts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Smart Shirt Made with Conductive Ink and Conductive Foam for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram Signals with Unipolar Precordial Leads

Tada

Amano

Satô

et al. 2015

Fibers

Self Cite

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Abstract:The Holter monitor is used to measure an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal while a subject moves. However, the Holter monitor is uncomfortable for the subject. Another method of measuring the ECG signal uses a smart shirt. We developed a smart shirt that has six electrodes on the chest and can measure a detailed ECG, obtained with unipolar precordial leads. The electrodes and wires of the shirt are made of conductive ink that is flexible and stretchable. The smart shirt is stretchable and fits the body well. However, because of the gap between the smart shirt and the body, electrodes V1 and V2 do not touch the body consistently. We developed a conductive foam block that fills this gap. We investigated the characteristics of the conductive foam block, and measured ECG signals using the smart shirt. The electrical resistance of the conductive foam block was reduced by pressure. This characteristic could be utilized to measure the ECG signal because the block was pressed by the body and smart shirt. We could measure the ECG signal using the smart shirt and blocks OPEN ACCESSFibers 2015, 3 464 while the subject walked and could detect peaks of the ECG signal while the subject jogged slowly.

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Enhancing the Performance of Stretchable Conductors for E‐Textiles by Controlled Ink Permeation

et al. 2017

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Delivery of electronic functionality to the human body using e-textiles is important for realizing the future of wearable electronics. Printing is a promising process for large scale manufacturing of e-textile since it enables arbitrary patterns using a simple and inexpensive process. However, conductive inks printed atop of textile are vulnerable to cracking because of the deformable and porous structure of textiles. The authors develop a mechanically and electrically robust wiring by controlling ink permeation in the structure of textile. This is done by adjusting the ink's solvent. The use of butyl carbitol acetate, with its low vapor pressure and boiling point, enables deep permeation into the textile. The sheet resistance is initially 0.06 Ω sq , and the resistance increasing only 70 times after stretching to 450% strain. Finally, a four-channel electromyogram (EMG) monitoring garment is demonstrated to show the potential of a large-scale e-textile device for health care and sports.

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An evaluation of the characteristics of a stretchable ink wire suitable for the measurement of biological signals

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Three-dimensionally deformable, highly stretchable, permeable, durable and washable fabric circuit boards

Three-dimensionally deformable, highly stretchable, permeable, durable and washable fabric circuit boards

A Smart Shirt Made with Conductive Ink and Conductive Foam for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram Signals with Unipolar Precordial Leads

Enhancing the Performance of Stretchable Conductors for E‐Textiles by Controlled Ink Permeation

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