An Evaluation of the Effects of Conservation and Fishery Enhancement Hatcheries on Wild Populations of Salmon

Naish, Kerry A.; Taylor, J. Edward; Levin, Phillip S.; Quinn, Thomas P.; Winton, James R.; Huppert, Daniel D.; Hilborn, Ray

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(07)53002-6

Cited by 347 publications

(451 citation statements)

References 288 publications

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“…In fact, selection is more efficient in large than in small populations because the countering effects of random drift are less important in large populations. In many hatcheries, the intensity of domestication selection has been reduced by more closely integrating broodstock for hatchery production with wild populations (HSRG 2004;Naish et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homing of Sockeye Salmon within Hidden Lake, Alaska, Can Be Used to Achieve Hatchery Management Goals

Habicht

Tobias

Fandrei³

et al. 2013

N American J Fish Manag

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The supplementation of natural populations of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. with hatchery fish poses unique management challenges. Two such challenges addressed in this study are limiting the number of hatchery fish spawning with natural‐origin fish and maximizing the number of natural‐origin fish in the supplementation broodstock. In this study, we focus on stock enhancement of Sockeye Salmon O. nerka in Hidden Lake, Alaska, where the Trail Lakes Hatchery supplements the natural population with hatchery‐raised fry. Production in Hidden Lake is limited by the availability of spawning habitat and not by juvenile rearing capacity. The hatchery collects broodstock from the lake and releases fry with thermally marked otoliths at one of two primary natural spawning sites in Hidden Lake each year. During this study, an average of 58% of the fish returning to the lake through a weir on the outlet stream were of hatchery origin. However, an average of 88% of the fish at the release site were hatchery‐origin fish, indicating a nonrandom distribution of hatchery‐origin spawners. This pattern is consistent with homing to specific sites within the lake of either or both hatchery‐ and wild‐origin fish. However, this distribution results in a larger‐than‐desirable proportion of hatchery‐origin fish spawning with natural‐origin fish at the release site. The proportion of hatchery‐origin fish used for brood is also larger than desirable because the site is also the broodstock collection site. We propose that releasing hatchery fish at a new location removed from the primary spawning areas and the hatchery broodstock collection site will reduce the proportion of hatchery‐origin fish spawning with wild‐origin fish and increase the proportion of wild‐origin fish in the broodstock, if our results are due, at least in part, to homing of hatchery fish. Received May 12, 2012; accepted May 20, 2013

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homing of Sockeye Salmon within Hidden Lake, Alaska, Can Be Used to Achieve Hatchery Management Goals

Habicht

Tobias

Fandrei³

et al. 2013

N American J Fish Manag

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“…The rise of novel forms of intensive aquaculture, the increased global movement of aquatic animals and their products, and various sources of anthropogenic stress to aquatic ecosystems have led to the emergence of many new fish diseases [1]. The use of feral brood stock is arguably the most significant biosecurity risk in aquaculture, as these fish can be covert carriers of viral pathogens [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodaviruses in Wild Fish Population Collected Around Aquaculture Cage Sites from Coastal Areas of Tunisia

Cherif¹,

Amdouni²

2017

Fish Aquac J

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This report describes the viral epidemiology of wild fish adjacent to cage farms within the Tunisian coasts and is focused on viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV). A total of 92 apparently healthy wild marine fish were collected near aquaculture facilities in five different coastal areas of Tunisia. The brains and eyes of fish were examined by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect the nodavirus coat protein gene of. A total of 57 out of 92 (61.9%) samples were positive for nodavirus by qRT-PCR. This finding indicates that carrier fish occur at a considerable level in populations of wild marine fish. Samples from 13 fish species were found to be positive to the virus genome: Sarpa salpa, Trachurs trachurus, Boobs boops, Sardinella aurita, Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus puntazzo Liza aurata, Diplodue sargus, Sparus aurata, Sardina pilchardus, Spicara maena, Spondyliosoma cantharus, and Diplodus annularis. The partial sequences of the RNA2 coat protein gene of these strains were identical with RGNNV type previously identified within farmed sea bass and sea bream species in Tunisia, with a homology >97%. With respect to the proximity of the sampling sites to the coast and to rearing facilities, results analysis can suggest that these viruses may be indigenous to Tunisian coastal waters.

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“…In particular, there are concerns about potential behavioral interactions between hatchery and wild fish in estuarine or marine habitats where populations that are segregated in freshwater may co-occur (Naish et al 2008;Rand et al 2012). The extent of such spatial and temporal overlap and potential size differences between hatchery and wild fish has not been well documented in the Columbia River estuary.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stock‐Specific Size and Timing at Ocean Entry of Columbia River Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead: Implications for Early Ocean Growth

et al. 2015

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Juvenile salmon transitioning from freshwater to marine environments experience high variation in growth and survival, yet the specific causes of this variation are poorly understood. Size at and timing of ocean entry may contribute to this variation because they influence both the availability of prey and vulnerability to predators. To Subject editor: Carl Walters, University of British Columbia, Canada This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted. *Corresponding author: laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov Received January 16, 2015; accepted April 28, 2015 370 Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 7:370-392, 2015 Published with license by American Fisheries Society ISSN: 1942-5120 online DOI: 10.1080/19425120.2015 explore this issue, we used stock assignments based on genetic stock identification and internal tags to document the stock-specific size and timing of juvenile hatchery and presumed wild Columbia River Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss at ocean entry during 2007-2011. We found that juvenile salmon and steelhead had consistent stock-specific capture dates, with lower-river stocks typically having earlier timing than those originating farther upstream. Mean size also varied among stocks and was related to hatchery practices. Hatchery yearling Chinook Salmon and steelhead were consistently larger than wild fish from the same stocks, although timing in the estuary was similar. In contrast, hatchery subyearling Chinook Salmon were of similar size to wild fish but entered the ocean up to a month earlier. We evaluated the potential importance of these traits on early marine growth by estimating stock-specific growth rates for Chinook Salmon caught in estuarine and ocean habitats. Growth rates were related to relative ocean entry timing, with lower growth rates for stocks that had only recently arrived in marine waters. Our results demonstrate that stocks within a single basin can differ in their size and timing of ocean entry, life history traits that contribute to early marine growth and potentially to the survival of juvenile salmon. Our results also highlight the necessity of considering stock-specific variation in life history traits to understand salmon ecology and survival across the entire life cycle.The movement of juvenile salmon from freshwater to marine habitats is a poorly understood but critical transition (Pearcy 1992;Pearcy and McKinnell 2007). During this transition, fish must not only physiologically adapt to salt water, but also contend with entirely new prey, predators, and habitats (Spence and Hall 2010). The size at and timing of ocean entry have been identified as important factors during this period. Minor variation in timing can have...

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An Evaluation of the Effects of Conservation and Fishery Enhancement Hatcheries on Wild Populations of Salmon

Cited by 347 publications

References 288 publications

Homing of Sockeye Salmon within Hidden Lake, Alaska, Can Be Used to Achieve Hatchery Management Goals

Homing of Sockeye Salmon within Hidden Lake, Alaska, Can Be Used to Achieve Hatchery Management Goals

Nodaviruses in Wild Fish Population Collected Around Aquaculture Cage Sites from Coastal Areas of Tunisia

Stock‐Specific Size and Timing at Ocean Entry of Columbia River Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead: Implications for Early Ocean Growth

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