An Evaluation of the FAO Amino Acid Reference Pattern in Human Nutrition

Swendseid, Marian E.; Watts, Johnnie H.; Harris, Cheryl L.; Tuttle, Stewart G.

doi:10.1093/jn/75.3.295

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Proteins and amino acid mixtures of identical composition are usually found to be of comparable nutritive value [17,18], although contradictory evidences have been reported [19,20]. Proteins and amino acid mixtures of identical composition are usually found to be of comparable nutritive value [17,18], although contradictory evidences have been reported [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma amino acid response to single test meals in humans

1978

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The postprandial plasma amino acid response to test meals containing different amino acid mixtures was analysed in six young adults. The amount of amino acids given in each test meal was equivalent with 3.5 g of nitrogen. Each test meal also contained a large amount of carbohydrate (mainly as wheat starch). Five different amino acid mixtures were used, and the effects on the plasma amino acid response of different dietary levels of lysine, isoleucine and methionine were studied in detail. The plasma amino acid responses were evaluated both by a modified Longenecker and Hause procedure (PAA ratios) and by the procedure proposed by Graham and Placko (percentage changes in the postprandial essential amino acid molar ratios). The plasma amino acid response of lysine was found to be less sensitive to reductions in the dietary supply than the isoleucine and methionine responses evaluated by these procedures. The influence of altered levels of dietary supply on the postprandial plasma concentrations of isoleucine and methionine seemed to be specifically great at the intake levels where these essential amino acids become limiting for protein utilization according to the amino acid score of the test mixtures. The nutritional significance of the postprandial pattern and level of essential amino acids is discussed on basis of the present results. Experimental conditions and evaluation models are examined with regard to the use of single-meal plasma amino acid responses to assess the protein quality of human diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma amino acid response to single test meals in humans

1978

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“…In both whole egg and oats the limiting amino acid is tryptophan. I t has been shown that the tryptophan ratio in the F A 0 pattern is too high and that it can be reduced by 17-50% without a n effect on N balance (2,9). Therefore, when the F A 0 pattern is fed in an inadequate amount for the support of N equilibrium one can assume that tryptophan is not the most liiniting amino acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of the reference pattern of essential amino acids suggested by the F A 0 Committee on Protein Requirements (I) with other patterns occurring in selected food proteins has been the subject of recent papers (2,3,4,5 ) . In all cases these papers included N balances for subjects fed dietary amino acids in the suggested F A 0 reference pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Balances of Young Men Fed Selected Amino Acid Patterns: I. Fao Reference Pattern, a Modification of the Fao Reference Pattern, and Wheat Flour Pattern

Watts¹,

Tolbert²,

Ruff³

1964

Can. J. Biochem.

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Nitrogen balances were determined for six young men fed three amino acid patterns : the F A 0 reference pattern, a modification of the F A 0 pattern in which methionine was decreased and phenylalanine increased isonitrogenously, and the wheat pattern. Total N intake was approximately 10 g. The lowest intakes of the F A 0 reference pattern amino acids found to be adequate for the support of N equilibrium or positive N balance contained 320 mg tryptophan in the case of two subjects, 280 mg tryptophan for three subjects, and 240 n~g tryptophan for one subject. Comparison of group mean N retentions for the F A 0 and the modified F A 0 patterns indicated that the two patterns were of equal value. When the F A 0 reference and wheat patterns were fed to provide comparable amounts of lysine, the limiting amino acid of wheat protein, group mean N retentions were 0.42 and 0.41 g, respectively. When the same two patterns were fed to provide an equivalent amount of essential amino acid N and the chief source of amino acids was intact wheat protein, group mean N retentions were 0.62 g for the F A 0 reference pattern, and 0.41 g for the wheat pattern; statistically, this difference is not significant. From 0.63 to 0.84 g essential amino acid N provided as F A 0 reference pattern was adequate to maintain N equilibrii~rn or a slight positive balance.

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“…An alternative approach was made by F A 0 (1957), who derived a pattern from a consideration of the amino acid requirements of man. This pattern is widely used but may contain too low a proportion of lysine (Joseph, Tasker, Joseph, Rao, Swaminathan, Sankaran, Sreenivasan & Subrahmanyan I 962) and too much tryptophan (Swendseid, Watts, Harris & Tuttle, 1961). However, as most human and animal diets are limited by the sulphur amino acids, the reference values for methionine and cystine are the most important.…”

Section: Vol 23mentioning

confidence: 99%