An evaluation of the risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma from exposure to amphibole cleavage fragments

Gamble, John F.; Gibbs, Graham W.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.020

Cited by 98 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Therefore, the talc likely contained asbestos. The pure form of talc has relatively fewer health effects on humans, but talc contaminated with asbestos, especially asbestos particulates that are longer than 5 µm with a length-to-width ratio of 3:1 or more, causes severe health problems 5) . Inhalation of asbestos can result in chronic Industrial Health 2013, 51, 228-231 inflammatory pulmonary response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer Probably Related to Talc Exposure: a Case Report

et al. 2013

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer Probably Related to Talc Exposure: a Case Report

et al. 2013

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“…Additional information about the health effects of asbestos and other fibers has become available relevant to the decision in the Reserve case. Even among those with high-occupational exposure to asbestos there is no consistent increase in the risk of gastrointestinal cancer (Gamble, 1994;Weiss, 1995;Gamble and Gibbs, 2008) and therefore no risk assessment model exists. Drinking potable water carried in asbestos cement pipes or drinking water from a source high in naturally occurring asbestos was suspected of causing increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer.…”

Section: Changes In the State Of Knowledge Regarding Asbestos And Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drinking potable water carried in asbestos cement pipes or drinking water from a source high in naturally occurring asbestos was suspected of causing increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, recent comprehensive reviews of the epidemiology does not show any increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer or any other asbestos-related disease from drinking water contaminated with fibrous particles (Kanarek, 1989;Hillerdal, 1999;Browne et al, 2005;Gamble and Gibbs, 2008).…”

Section: Changes In the State Of Knowledge Regarding Asbestos And Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is simple because there have been good epidemiological studies of the health of miners, workers, and nearby residents, that have been exposed to such particulates at historically higher concentrations than exist today (Ross et al, 1993;Brunner et al, 2008;Gamble and Gibbs, 2008). No statistically significant increase in cancer risk has been found due to fibrous particulates commonly associated with taconite ore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk assessment due to environmental exposures to fibrous particulates associated with taconite ore

Wilson

McConnell

Ross

et al. 2008

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…Exposure to amphibole asbestos carries a 5% risk of lung cancer per excess fibre/cm 3 , while chrysotile asbestos carries a 0.5% risk 131 . The long lead time, variety of asbestos fibre types and different lengths makes it difficult to determine if a safe threshold exists for exposure.…”

Section: Pulmonary Pathologies Of Mining Dust Inhalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro toxicology of respirable iron-rich particles relevant to mining industry: a high throughput framework for interpreting environmental particulate matter toxicity

Prakash¹

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This project investigated the cytotoxicity profiles and toxicological properties of inhalable iron-rich particles generated by mining activity. National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM) ambient air quality regulations specifically regulate sub-10 µm (PM10) and sub-2.5 µm (PM2.5) diameter particle fractions corresponding to thoracic and respirable lung penetration, respectively. However, atmospheric concentrations of fugitive iron-rich particulates in iron ore mining and processing associated settlements raised concerns that NEPM limits may inadequately address the specific toxicological profile of iron-rich PM10 and potentially adsorbed organics in these regions. To address this, comparative cytotoxicity experiments were carried out in-vitro using a variety of particulate standards, featuring other frequently studied metal-oxides, to help bridge in-vivo and epidemiological knowledge in the literature with in-vitro toxicological results. This also required the development of a novel framework to interpret physical and physiological characteristics of coarse, poorly soluble metal-oxide particles by conducting a critical systematic literature review.Analysis by the ChemCentre, WA was taken into account with relation to potentially absorbed organics and the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigated.The protocols developed by this project are applicable to high-throughput assessment of particulate matter generated by mining activity, having defined methodology to rapidly acquire sufficient quantities of PM10 for assays which can be multiplexed and the effects of particulate interference on assays minimised. This includes the integration of non-destructive sterilisation techniques, physical characterising by particle-sizing, particle solubility analysis and observation of particle morphology by electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Epithelial (A549), fibroblast (LL24) and monocyte differentiated macrophage (U937) cell lines were tested to build a picture of particulate effects on the major lung cell types in the lung parenchyma; the alveolar epithelium, connective tissue and immune system.The effect of lung fluid surfactants on cytotoxicity was determined, and advanced tissue culture methods were trialled to improve the differentiation between particles provided by the endpoints.ii The ore samples from the Mining Area C (MAC), Yandi and Newman Hub mines in the Pilbara region were found to have an effect comparable to the cytotoxicity of micron-size iron oxide standards and selected standards of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and carbon black, whereas copper oxide was found to have some ten-fold greater cytotoxicity across the cell lines. However cytotoxicity as a principle differentiator of toxicity was found to be insufficient in differentiating the physiological response to iron-rich PM10 and insoluble metal-oxide standards. At high concentrations the dose-response relationship plateaued at a maximum value for iron-oxide standards and iron ore samples in the A549 and LL2...

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An evaluation of the risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma from exposure to amphibole cleavage fragments

Cited by 98 publications

References 66 publications

Lung Cancer Probably Related to Talc Exposure: a Case Report

Lung Cancer Probably Related to Talc Exposure: a Case Report

Risk assessment due to environmental exposures to fibrous particulates associated with taconite ore

In-vitro toxicology of respirable iron-rich particles relevant to mining industry: a high throughput framework for interpreting environmental particulate matter toxicity

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