An evaluation of the structural validity of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) using the Rasch model

Chester, Rachel; Shepstone, Lee; Vincent, Joshua I.; MacDermid, Joy C.

doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1746-7

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A Rasch model analysis of 1030 patients referred for physical therapy for shoulder pain also demonstrated a bidimensional structure; however, there was evidence of differential item functioning for some items in the disability subscale (eg, washing hair and putting on a shirt were more difficult for women than men, and putting on trousers was more difficult for people aged 60 or older). This suggests greater structural validity for the pain subscale than the disability subscale and implies that the two subscales should be reported separately (34).…”

Section: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (Spadi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor analysis and Rasch modelling suggest that the SPADI should be treated as separate subscales; however, there may not be clear demarcation between underlying concepts in the two scales, and the disability subscale may not provide true interval‐level measurement (33,34). The upper anchor label for the disability subscale (so difficult it requires help) is potentially ambiguous because the perceived requirement for help may vary according to the level of help available to the individual respondent.…”

Section: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (Spadi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measures of Adult Shoulder Function

Buchbinder

Smolen

Huang

et al. 2020

Arthritis Care & Research

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Section: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (Spadi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (Spadi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of Adult Shoulder Function

Buchbinder

Smolen

Huang

et al. 2020

Arthritis Care & Research

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“…4,6 The suggested reason for this cross-loading of items is that functional tasks may be limited by pain making it difficult to differentiate between these two constructs. 46 –49 Considering the results of the English SPADI and the translated versions the two-factor structure of the SPADI remains the dominant structure. If factor structure is not assessed in a translated study it is reasonable to assume, as many studies in this review have done, the two-factor structure for analysis of internal consistency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement properties of translated versions of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: A systematic review

Sharma

Ginn

et al. 2020

Clin Rehabil

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Purpose: To summarise measurement properties of translated versions of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and to assess their methodological quality. Methods: Relevant studies testing measurement properties of translated versions of the SPADI in non-specific shoulder pain participants were included from 11 databases (August 2020). Two reviewers independently screened articles and assessed individual measurement property risk of bias using the COSMIN checklist as very good, adequate, doubtful or inadequate. For each measurement property results were pooled and rated sufficient, insufficient, or inconsistent. Synthesised evidence was graded as high, moderate, low or very low (GRADE approach). Results: Thirty-four studies (21 languages and 26 different versions) were included from 4402 articles. A total of 141 measurement properties were reported with 60 rated as very good or adequate. These included; internal consistency (19), test-retest reliability (4), construct validity (6), structural validity (10), measurement error (5), responsiveness (9), and cross-cultural validity (2). Comprehensibility was adequate in the Chinese, German, Nepali, Spanish and Urdu versions. Only the Danish, Dutch and Nepali versions confirmed all, or all but one, of their measurement properties with sound methodology. Pooled results of all measurement properties except structural validity were rated as sufficient. Quality of evidence was graded moderate to high with downgrading due to inconsistent results. Conclusion: Overall evidence suggests the SPADI is valid, reliable and responsive in translated form but less than half the measurement properties tested were of adequate quality. Further testing is required in many languages particularly in; test-retest reliability, measurement error and construct validity.

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“…This is the likely reason why previous studies have reported more of a unidimensional structure for the SPADI, especially where the pain construct is very high in conditions such as in adhesive capsulitis [25, 26]. A recent large randomised control trial and a multi-centre cohort study have provided further evidence of a two-factor structure for the SPADI, but even these studies suggest that the two factors of pain and disability are not well delineated with some items cross-loading [27, 28] and misfit of the disability items when the Rasch model is used [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nepali translation, cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)

Sharma

Ginn

et al. 2019

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a 13-item shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). The English version is easy to use and has demonstrated excellent measurement properties for both clinical and research settings. The availability of the SPADI in Nepali would facilitate shoulder research and enhance management of patients with shoulder pain in Nepal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SPADI into Nepali (SPADI-NP) and evaluate its measurement properties. Methods The translation and adaptation process followed international guidelines. Participants completed SPADI-NP on two assessments ( N = 150 at initial and 119 at follow-up assessment). A Nepali version of the Global Rating of Change score was completed at follow-up. Assessment of measurement properties included analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), minimal detectable change (MDC) with standard error of measurement (SEM), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC), validity (factor structure, construct using Pearson’s correlation with the Disability of Arm and Hand [DASH]) and responsiveness (area under the curve; AUC) with minimal important change (MIC). Results Minor changes were integrated in the adaptation process to improve cultural relevance such as dress items. Items were largely loaded under two factors (pain and disability), internal consistencies were good for the pain construct ( α = 0.82) and disability ( α = 0.88) and test-retest reliability was excellent (pain = 0.89, disability = 0.96). MDC was 5.7 (out of 100) with SEM = 2.1. Strong associations with the DASH ( r = 0.63 pain, r = 0.81 disability) demonstrated its construct validity. The AUC was 0.68 and MIC was 12.3 (out of 100). Conclusion The Nepali version of the SPADI demonstrated excellent reliability and validity. It can be used for the assessment of shoulder pain and disability in patients with shoulder pain in Nepal in both clinical practice and research.

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An evaluation of the structural validity of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) using the Rasch model

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Measures of Adult Shoulder Function

Measures of Adult Shoulder Function

Measurement properties of translated versions of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: A systematic review

Nepali translation, cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)

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