An Evaluation of the Structure of Energy Consumption in Educational Buildings in Poland After Thermal Retrofitting

Abstract

The paper presents the structure and indices of the annual energy consumption in educational buildings subject to comprehensive thermal retrofitting. Seven buildings were analyzed; the energy consumption for heating and ventilation, hot water preparation, and built-in lighting was analyzed in each of them and, in the case of one structure, also cooling. The indices of the usable, final, and primary energy consumption were analyzed. The values calculated were compared to the requirements of the energy standards in force in Poland. The percentage shares of the above-mentioned energy demands of each of the buildings investigated are given in the total energy performance. Within the investigation, we evaluated the shares of the particular building services in the total energy consumption and determined that even after the thermal retrofitting, the energy demands for heating together with lighting are still the most significant compared to the other demands.

Feasibility of Using Energy Performance Contracting for the Retrofit of Apartment Buildings in Slovakia

“…For example, just recently, the European Commission adopted a set of proposals to make the European Union's (EU) climate, energy, transport, and tax policies capable of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990levels (European Commission, 2022. Retrofitting old buildings is an important means of reducing energy consumption and decarbonising building stock (Życzyńska et al, 2020;Vargová and Ingeli, 2021;Cholewa et al, 2022). One of the potentially feasible methods to fund and execute a retrofit is the use of energy performance contracting (EPC), which is an energy service with guaranteed energy savings provided under a contract concluded between an energy service provider and a recipient of the energy service (Act No.…”